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LING-115 Final Exam with complete solutions
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LING-115 Final Exam with complete solutions
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LING-115 Final ExamStandard language - correct answer ✔✔A language that can be written/standardized to some degree by
grammar
Lingua franca - correct answer ✔✔Language which is used for communication by peoples whose first
languages differ
National language - correct answer ✔✔Symbol of nation's identity; helps unify the citizens
Official language - correct answer ✔✔Language that speakers have the legal right to use in a designated
official domain
Paraguay (NL, OL) - correct answer ✔✔Guarani, Spanish
Tanzania (NL, OL) - correct answer ✔✔Swahili, Swahili/English
Languages of wider communication (LWC) - correct answer ✔✔Use of a language in a wide range of
formal domains
Examples of LWC's - correct answer ✔✔Swahili in Tanzania
Urdu in Pakistan
Is English an official language in USA or Britain? - correct answer ✔✔No; vast majority of the population
speaks English, but it's unnecessary to state that English is the national language
Most important factor taken into account when a government recognizes a language - correct answer
✔✔Cost
,What was the Philippines' national language, and what was it based on? - correct answer ✔✔Pilipino /
Tagalog; caused a lot of resentment based on the advantages of national languages
Steps in the establishment and spread of a new national language - correct answer ✔✔1. Selection
2. Codification
3. Lexical expansion/Elaboration of function
4. Implementation
5. Acceptance
Selection - correct answer ✔✔Appropriate variety must be chosen from a set of alternatives
Codification - correct answer ✔✔Selected language has to be standardized by:
1. Grammar rules
2. Dictionary
3. Written form of the language
Lexical expansion/Elaboration of function - correct answer ✔✔Expansion of the vocabulary (creation of
new words)
Implementation - correct answer ✔✔Use of the national language in:
Mass education
Radio/television
Propaganda
Acceptance - correct answer ✔✔Positive promotion strategies by the government
Terms related to language planning (3) - correct answer ✔✔1. Language planning
2. Corpus planning
3. Status planning
, Language planning - correct answer ✔✔Activities which aim at changing linguistic behavior
Corpus planning - correct answer ✔✔Activities attempting to change internal structure (language
expansion)
Status planning - correct answer ✔✔Efforts to change the use/function of a language (i.e.
national/official language)
Ideals of a successful national language - correct answer ✔✔Unifying function - Unites a people
Separatist function - Distinguishes from other countries
Prestige - Higher status than other dialects
Function as a standard - Model of speech
Norway had two competing national languages: ________ & ________ - correct answer ✔✔Bokmal &
Nynorsk
Bokmal was: - correct answer ✔✔The language of the state (urban parts of Norway; borrowed from
Danish language)
Nynorsk was: - correct answer ✔✔The language of the lands (rural lands of Norway; local Norwegian
words)
Purification - correct answer ✔✔Language expansion involving the development of a new national
identity
Protectionism - correct answer ✔✔Language expansion in order to defend an image previously
established through a national language
Lexical purification - correct answer ✔✔Purging a national language of words of foreign words to restore
the language to a pure state
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