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Adv. Pharm NURS 8024 Week 1|Pharm Definitions and Concepts (Videos 1 and 2)
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Adv. Pharm NURS 8024 Week 1|Pharm Definitions and Concepts (Videos 1 and 2)
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Adv. Pharm NURS 8024 Week 1| Pharm Definitions andConcepts (Videos 1 and 2)
What is first pass metabolism? Correct Ans-The concentration of drug is greatly reduced
BEFORE reaching systemic circulation. This mainly involves liver enzymes, but also includes
gastric enzymes, gut wall enzymes, and bacterial enzymes. Bioavaliability is reduced.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BQQns7RAUzA
Parenteral drug administration Correct Ans--IV, IM, SubQ
- More control over actual dose of drug
- Directly into systemic circulation-bypass first pass metabolism
- used for drugs poorly absorbed by GI
-Rapid onset of action
-Disadvantage: cannot take the drug back, infection risk
Inhalation route of administration Correct Ans-Rapid delivery, large surface area, good for
gases, aerolsols, respiratory drugs
Rectal Route of administration Correct Ans-50% of circulatory drainage BYPASSES portal
circulation
Meaning: Less first pass effect
Drug Transport Methods: Correct Ans-Passive diffusion (no E needed)
Active transport (requires E)
, Adv. Pharm NURS 8024 Week 1| Pharm Definitions and
Concepts (Videos 1 and 2)
Endocytosis
Passive diffusion (simple diffusion) Correct Ans-no energy needed, related to
concentration gradient across membrane, HIGHER concentration goes to LOWER
concentration
Active Transport Correct Ans-requires energy (ATP), Able to move drug from LOWER to
HIGHER concentration
Endocytosis Correct Ans-Transport large molecules
Engulfment of drug molecule by cell membrane and transport into cell
Exocytosis Correct Ans-Process by which a cell releases large amounts of material
Drug Absorption Correct Ans-Drugs are typically weak acids or weak bases
Role and size of MOLECULAR WEIGHT in drug absorption
Drug Molecular Weights Correct Ans-Most drugs weight from 100-1000
smaller sizes are easier to cross membranes
However, drugs can vary in size from MW of 7 (Lithium) to 50,000 (thrombolytic enzymes)
Solubility Correct Ans-Hydrophilic (Lipophobic)
, Adv. Pharm NURS 8024 Week 1| Pharm Definitions and
Concepts (Videos 1 and 2)
Lipophilic (hydrophobic)
Remember: Cell membranes tend to be LIPID filled--so LIPID based drugs tend to cross the
lipid membrane easier
What impacts drug absorption? Correct Ans-Solubility (hydrophilic or lipophilic?), pH, pKa
(how acidic the drug is), Molecular weight, partition coefficient (ratio of concentration)
Pharmacokinetics Correct Ans-what the body does to the drug
Pharmacodynamics Correct Ans-what the drug does to the body
Toxicology Correct Ans-The undesirable effects of chemicals on living systems
Pharmacotherapeutics Correct Ans-dynamic that achieves the desired therapeutic effect of
the drug without causing other undesirable effects
Legend drugs Correct Ans-another name for prescription drugs
Pharmacogenomics Correct Ans-the study of genetically determined variations in the
response to drugs
Pharmacologic Agonist Correct Ans-agent binds to and activates the
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