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semmelweis exam 2 study guide with correct answers
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semmelweis exam 2 study guideDiscuss the historical roles played by Ignaz Semmelweis and Joseph Lister in
preventing the spread of infection. (you will probably have to do a little Internet research
to find out more information about these two men) - Correct Answers -Ignaz
Semmelweis: he saw that ppl that gave birth during the day where more liekly yo die
bec of the DR and med students going directly from the cadaviers to deliver the babies
Joseph Lister: used disenfiectanct durring surgery , first used by him phenol and
phenolics
Define the following key terms related to microbial control: sterilization, disinfection,
antisepsis, bacteriocide, germicide, bacteriostasis, sasnitization, and asepsis - Correct
Answers -Sterilization: removing all microbial life
disinfection: removing pathogens from inanimate objects
antisepsis: removing pathogens from living tissue
Bacterocide: destroys bacteria except endospores
Germicide: any substance or process that kills germs
Bacteriostasis: inhibition of the growth of bacteria without destruction.
Sasnitization: The process of making something sanitary
Asepsis: The absence of significant contamination
Illustrate the hierarchy of microorganisms from those easiest to destroy to those most
difficult to destroy - Correct Answers -Most to least resistant
prions
endospores of bacteria
mycobacteria
cysts of protoza
vegative protozoa
gram neg- bacteria
fungi , including most fungal spores
, viruses without envelopes
gram pos bacteria
virus with lipid envelope
Compare and contrast "cidal" and "static" microbial control processes - Correct Answers
-CIDAL- kill or destory ( bactericides) , STATIC- stop or stand still (fungistatic)
Compare the effectiveness of moist heat (boiling, autoclaving, pasteurization) and dry
heat. - Correct Answers -BOILING : kills vegative cells , most viruses , and protozoa ,
with in 10 min , BUT ENDOSPORES ARE NOT KILLED , not sterilizse but disenfects it.
AUTOCLAVE: steam under pressure , minimum requirements: 121*C , 15 psi , 15 mins
, this STERILIZE , kills endospores .
PASTEURIZATION: remove pathogenic organisms , extends self life , thermoduric
organisms surive pasturization , it does not sterilize.
List several items that might be sterilized in an autoclave. - Correct Answers -Glasswear
, media for growing bacteria , metal instruments , lab waste that will be discrted like
used swabs. Anything that can get hot and wet. PLASTIC IS A NO.
Indicate why the steam autoclave cannot be used to sterilize everything. - Correct
Answers -The autoclave gets very hot and wet , things can melt or get destroyed
Indicate how you can be assured that an autoclave is working properly. - Correct
Answers -1. temp sensitive tape , testing strips , from yellow --→ black = working
2. biological crontrol , contains spore strips or vials has endospores of bacillus
steratherphilus , PURPLE--→purple= working if color changes bacteria is not dead.
List the 2 goals of pasteurization. - Correct Answers -1. destory / remove pthogenic
organisms
2. extnend shelf life
Define (equivalent treatments) and provide 2 examples. - Correct Answers -1. classic
past : batch , 63C for 30 mins
2. High temp short time : flash , 72C for 15 sec
these both complete the 2 goals for pasteurization
Indicate what sort of materials might be filter sterilized - Correct Answers --used on
liquids that cannot withstand heat such as serum , blood products , vaccines , drugs , IV
fluids , enezymes , and media .
-used in water pureifacation
-cant remove soluble molecules toxins that cause disease
-HEPA air filters in sterial rooms
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