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Concepts 6222 Latest Update With 100% Correct Solutions
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Concepts 6222 Latest Update With 100% Correct SolutionsScience, lawful relations - Answer __ is more than the mere description of events as they
occur. It is an attempt to discover order, to show that certain events stand in __ to other
events"Skinner, 1953, p.6"."
Evidence - Answer Being scientifically Skeptical means that until there is __ available,
assumptions should not be made.
bias, evidence, replication - Answer As behavior analysts to be good caretakers of
science when collecting and considering data we can take a few measures. Such as
minimizing __ by obtaining interobserver agreement, checking for real __ rather than
other effects that may have created change without the intervention, __ and self
correction.
parsimony -Answer With __ we seek the simplest explanation not prolonged mentalistic
accounts of explanations.
philosophy - Answer "Behaviorism is not the science of human behavior; it is the __ of
that science" (Skinner, 1974)
introspection - Answer Structuralism relied on __ which looked inward to describe
sensations, images, and feelings.
methodological - Answer behaviorism might be thought of as a psychological version of
logical positivism or operationism.
psychophysical parallelism - Answer While some methodological behaviorists accept
that there are mental states, they have ruled them completely out of consideration. This
is not a new concept and was once referred to as __
mentalistic, explanatory - Answer In Pavlov's early research, he did not jump to
, conclusions to suggest that the dog was "thinking" of food, and therefore salivating.
Instead, he carefully controlled conditions that allowed him to show that particular
stimuli can "acquire" the ability to elicit secretion. His careful analysis of the scientific
method allowed him to avoid both __ and __ fictions
debilitating - Answer The evolutionary explanation for reflexes indicates that they are for
the survival of the organism. However, we know all too well that sometimes responses
can be conditioned that serve no purpose - even add a __ purpose - to our complex lives.
conditioning, stimulus control, new - Answer Skinner 1953 told us "Although the process
of __ greatly extends the scope of the eliciting stimulus, it does not bring all the behavior
of the organism within such __ "(p. 56). Conditioning can add numerous different
eliciting stimuli, but it will never fashion a __ response.
prediction, control, accessible - Answer According to Skinner, contingencies of
reinforcement have an advantage over contingencies of survival because contingencies
of reinforcement "Have the edge with __ and __ and the conditions under which a
species acquires behavior are relatively __ and can often be manipulated".
ontogeny - Answer is the learned behaviors of a particular animal during its lifetime.
phylogeny - Answer is behaviors that have been passed down over the lifetime of the
entire species.
chain, learned - Answer It may be difficult in a particular case to determine whether a
behavior is ontogenetic or phylogenically established. For a person seeing a complex __
for the first time, it can be rather mysterious. But each step of the chain can be traced
back to the shaping process. Just because the shaping process was not observed, it
does not imply that it was not __. Where as when we observe a spider spin a web, "no
comparable history can be invoked" which allows us to determine the phylogenic
contingencies at work, When we observe a spider spin a web, however, "no comparable
history can be invoked" which allows us to determine the phylogenic contingencies at
work (Skinner, 1966, p.1208).
genes, environment, cause - Answer Moore 2015, p. 27 summarised the interactional
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