1. Which of the following is considered the pleasure center of the brain?
A. Cortico-striatal-thalamic-cortical loop
B. Mesolimbic dopamine pathway
C. Mesocortical dopamine pathway
D. None of the above: B. Mesolimbic dopamine pathway
2. The reactive reward system signals the immediate prospect of pleasure or
pain and triggers drug-seeking behavior.
A. True
B. False: A. True
3. What role does the amygdala play in substance abuse?
A. Releases phasic bursts of dopamine to the nucleus accumbens when
drugs of abuse are present
B. Communicates to the ventral tegmental area when cues related to drugs
of abuse are present
C. Site of binding for most drugs of abuse
D. A and B E. A, B, and C: B. Communicates to the ventral tegmental area when
cues related to drugs of abuse are present
4. A 45-year-old patient has tried unsuccessfully to quit smoking several
times over the past ten years. Nicotine's actions at which receptors are
considered primarily responsible for its reinforcing effects?
A. Alpha 4 beta 2 postsynaptic receptors in the ventral tegmental area B.
Alpha 7 postsynaptic receptors in the prefrontal cortex
C. A and B
D. Neither A nor B: A. Alpha 4 beta 2 postsynaptic receptors in the ventral
tegmental area
5. A 35-year-old cigarette smoker would like to quit but is nervous because
she typically craves a cigarette approximately every 2 hrs. The craving and
withdrawal are due to:
A. Desensitization of nicotinic receptors
B. Resensitization of nicotinic receptors C. Desensitization of muscarinic
receptors
D. Resensitization of muscarinic receptors: B. Resensitization of nicotinic
receptors
, PsychoPharm Stahl Questions
6. A 44-year-old patient has schizophrenia and comorbid alcohol abuse
disorder. Alcohol has what effect on GABA and glutamate in the ventral
tegmental area?
A. Increases GABA and decreases glutamate
B. Increases both GABA and glutamate C. Decreases GABA and increases
glutamate
D. Decreases both GABA and glutamate: A. Increases GABA and decreases
glutamate
7. A 26-year-old patient with ADHD has recently entered a drug rehabilitation
center following arrest for possession of cocaine. The cocaine use in this
patient may be an attempt at self-medication for ADHD symptoms because it
inhibits the dopamine transporter (but is not itself taken up into the neuron
by the transporter). Thus, cocaine has the same action at the dopamine
transporter as:
A. Cocaine has the same actions at the dopamine transporter as
amphetamine
B. Cocaine has the same actions at the dopamine transporter as
methylphenidate C. A and B
D. Neither A nor B: B. Cocaine has the same actions at the dopamine transporter
as methylphenidate
8. Patrick is a 22-year-old male who recently experienced a psychotic-like
episode after trying MDMA ("ecstasy") while at a party. A key binding site for
hallucinogens is the:
A. GABA-A receptor
B. Cannabinoid 1 receptor
C. Serotonin 2A receptor
D. Serotonin 2C receptor: C. Serotonin 2A receptor
9. 29-year-old patient is morbidly obese and reports that he is "addicted to
food". Hunger circuitry is connected to reward circuitry via dopaminergic
projections from the hypothalamus to the nucleus accumbens.
A. True
B. False: A. True
, PsychoPharm Stahl Questions
10. Examples of neurotransmitters produced specifically as retrograde
neurotransmitters (i.e., those that communicate from postsynaptic neuron to
presynaptic neuron) include: A. GABA
B. Galanin
C. Histamine
D. Nitric oxide: D. Nitric oxide
11. An example of volume neurotransmission is:
A. Dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
B. Dopamine in the striatum
C. Norepinephrine in the prefrontal cortex
D. Norepinephrine in the striatum: A. Dopamine in the prefrontal cortex
12. In a G protein-linked signal transduction cascade, the second messenger
can be synthesized:
A. Intracellularly
B. Extracellularly
C. Either intra- or extracellularly: A. Intracellularly
13. Transport of monoamines requires energy, which is supplied by a:
A. Calcium pump
B. Potassium pump
C. Sodium pump: C. Sodium Pump
14. What is constitutive activity?
A. Signal transduction when an agonist is bound to the receptor
B. Signal transduction when an antagonist to the receptor
C. Signal transduction when an inverse agonist is bound to the receptor
D. Signal transduction when no agonist or inverse agonist is bound to the
recep: D. Signal transduction when no agonist or inverse agonist is bound to the
receptor
15. A partial agonist has what effect on neurotransmission?
A. Net agonism when neurotransmission is deficient
B. Net antagonism when neurotransmission is excessive
C. A and B
D. Neither A nor B: C. A and B
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