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BCHM 307 Exam 2 Exam with Questions Solved 100% Correct |Verified Solution
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BCHM 307 Exam 2 Exam withQuestions Solved 100% Correct
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The first amino acid in all proteins is - Answer Methionine (AUG)
In transcription, RNA polymerase only binds to one of the DNA strands, known as
- Answer template strand
Detail one difference between base excision repair and nucleotide excision repair -
Answer One difference between base and nucleotide excision repair is base excision
repair corrects damaged bases with DNA glycosylase to remove the base and nucleotide
excision repair repairs damaged nucleotides by helicase to separate the double
stranded DNA.
One of the ways chromatin remodeling occurs to allow gene expression is _____
residues of histones - Answer acetylation of lysine
Some transcription factors contain bromodomains. What is the function of the
bromodomain - Answer Bromodomains are structural motifs within certain transcription
factors. Each of these motifs hold a cavity for acetylated Lysine groups, which promotes
extreme acetylation of lysine residues of a histone. This acetylation of histones is
, considered a positive feedback mechanism. This is because the increased output of
acetylation augments the initial amount of acetylated lysine residues.
Explain alternative splicing. - Answer Alternative splicing is a regulated process during
gene expression that results in a single gene coding for multiple proteins. In this process,
particular exons of a gene may be included within or excluded(spliced out) from the
final, processed messenger RNA (mRNA) produced from that gene.
RNA nucleotides can undergo versatile base pairing. What does this mean, and what is
the consequence for the structure of RNA? - Answer Versatile base pairing is when RNA
has properties similar to proteins like catalyzing reactions and adopting complex
tertiary structures and this allows RNA nucleotides to base pair in a variety of ways. The
consequence would be A, G, C, and U of RNA can bond improperly and create improper
base pairing that could cause problems later in translation. Single-stranded RNA
molecules can adopt highly convoluted shapes through base pairing between different
segments like A-G or U-A-A or A-C or G-U.
What is the difference between a chaperone and a chaperonin? - Answer A chaperone
is a protein that assists in protein assembly and folding. A chaperonin is a more complex
form of a chaperone. They physically isolate a folding peptide in a confined,
hydrophobic area to more specifically fold proteins without crowding. Structurally,
chaperonins are shaped like a barrel and chaperones are smaller protein structures.
Cells have a mechanism for tagging and destroying proteins containing a C-terminal
poly(Lys) sequence. What is the source of these proteins and why is destroying them
helpful for the cell? - Answer The poly(Lys) peptide results from translation of the
poly(A) tail of a mRNA whose stop codon is missing as the result of a mutation or
faulty transcription. With the addition of the poly(Lys) segment, the protein is likely to
be nonfunctional, so it is best to destroy it and reuse its amino acids.
Cystic fibrosis is caused by a mutation in the 250,000 bp CFTR gene. The mature
CFTR mRNA is only 6129 nucleotides.
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