The structures, processes, and systems that actively develop, leverage, and transfer
knowledge.
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Knowledge management.
,An emphasis on the norms and practices of the parent company (and the parent
country of the MNE) by relying on PCNs.
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Ethnocentric approach.
An organizational structure often used to alleviate the disadvantages associated with
both geographic area and global product division structures, especially for MNEs
adopting a trans national strategy.
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Global matrix.
Unauthorized use of intellectual property.
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Piracy.
Activities to plan, organize, lead, and control the supply chain.
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, Supply chain management.
Politically motivated trade sanctions against foreign countries to signal displeasure.
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Trade embargo.
Alliances based on ownership or financial interest between the firms.
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Equity-based alliances.
An individual's ability to understand and adjust to new cultures.
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Cultural intelligence.
A theory that focuses on principal-agent relationships (or in short, agency
relationships).
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, Agency theory.
A proposed free trade area for the entire Western Hemisphere.
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Free Trade Area of the Americas (FTAA)
Investment in, controlling, and managing value-added activities in other countries.
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Foreign direct investment (FDI).
A manager who works abroad, or "expat" for short.
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Expatriate manager.
Exclusive legal rights of authors and publishers to publish and disseminate their work.
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