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Surgical Technology ORTHO Exam Study Guide/159 Q’s and A’s
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Surgical Technology ORTHO Exam Study Guide/159 Q’s and A’s
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Surgical Technology ORTHO ExamStudy Guide/159 Q’s and A’s
ORTHOPEDICS - -THE SURGICAL SPECIALTY CONCERNED WITH DIAGNOSIS,
CARE, AND TREATMENT OF MUSCULOSKELETAL DISORDERS
(bones, joints, ligaments, muscles, tendons)
-FUNCTIONS OF THE SKELETON - -SUPPORT - body kept in position by
muscles attached to the skeleton
PROTECTION - flat bones protect internal organs
MOVEMENT - provided by the joints
BLOOD- red bone marrow found in the pelvis, ribs, vertebrae and sternum
(FLAT BONES)
yellow bone marrow stores fat and can convert to red bone marrow if the
body needs additional red cell production (LONG BONES)
STORAGE - minerals, mainly calcium and phosphorus, are stored in bone
-AXIAL SKELETON - -CONSIST OF 80 BONES
MAKES UP THE SKULL, VERTEBRAE AND RIB CAGE
-APPENDICULAR SKELETON - -CONSIST OF 126 BONES
MAKES UP THE LIMBS
-CLASSIFICATION OF BONES - -LONG BONES
SHORT BONES
FLAT BONES
IRREGULAR BONES
SESAMOID BONES
-LONG BONES - -LONGER THAN THEY ARE WIDE
CONTAIN GROWTH PLATES AT BOTH ENDS (EPIPHYSEAL PLATE)
*FEMUR, TIBIA, HUMEROUS
-ANATOMY OF A LONG BONE - -EPIPHYSIS
EPIPHYSEAL PLATES
DIAPHYSIS
METAPHYSIS
PERIOSTEUM
ENDOSTEUM
ARTICULAR CARTILAGE
MEDULLARY CAVITY
SPONGY BONE - CANCELLOUS
COMPACT BONE - CORTICOL
, -EPIPHYSIS - -ENDS OF A LONG BONE
-EPIPHYSEAL PLATES - -GROWTH PLATES FOUND IN LONG BONES ONLY
-DIAPHYSIS - -SHAFT OF A LONG BONE
-PERIOSTEUM - -FIBROUS MEMBRANE THAT COVERS BONES BUT NOT
JOINTS. INVOLVED WITH BONE GROWTH, REPAIR, NUTRITION, & POINT OF
ATTACHMENT FOR TENDONS / LIGAMENTS
*NO LONGER STRIPPED FROM THE BONE BECAUSE ITS BELIEVED TO ASSIST
IN HEALING
-ENDOSTEUM - -THIN LAYER OF CONNECTIVE TISSUE THAT LINES THE
INSIDE SURFACE OF BONES
-ARTICULAR CARTILAGE - -HYALINE CARTILAGE FOUND COVERING THE
EPIPHYSIS OF LONG BONES WHERE THEY FORM A JOINT WITH ANOTHER
BONE
-MEDULLARY CAVITY - -SPACE WITHIN THE DIAPHYSIS THAT CONTAINS
FATTY YELLOW BONE MARROW IN ADULTS
-SPONGY BONE - -CANCELLOUS BONE
FOUND IN THE EPIPHYSIS OF LONG BONES
-COMPACT BONE - -CORTICOL BONE
THE HARD, DENSE,LAYER OF THE BONE FOUND JUST UNDER THE
PERIOSTEUM
-SHORT BONES - -ARE AS LONG AS THEY ARE WIDE
*TARSALS AND CARPALS
-FLAT BONES - -PROVIDE PROTECTION OF INTERNAL ORGANS
*RIBS, PELVIS, SCAPULA, STERNUM
-IRREGULAR BONES - -PECULIAR FORM OR SHAPE. CANNOT BE GROUPED AS
LONG, SHORT, FLAT OR SESAMOID
*VERTEBRAE, SACRUM, COCCYX
-SESAMOID BONES - -BONES IMBEDDED WITHIN A TENDON OR LIGAMENT
(shaped like a sesame seed)
*PATELLA
-TENDONS - -CONNECT MUSCLE TO BONE
FLEXIBLE BANDS OF FIBROUS TISSUE
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