PNB 2XB3 - Neural Development All Possible Questions and Answers with complete solution
9 views 0 purchase
Course
PNB 2XB3 - Neural Development
Institution
PNB 2XB3 - Neural Development
Spina bifida - ️️neural tube fails to close caudally
- risk factor: insufficient folate (vitamin B9) consumption during pregnancy - needed for
production of DNA and RNA and for mitosis
- exposed nerves can result in infection, affect bladder and bowel function, and
paralysis
Day 20 of gest...
PNB 2XB3 - Neural Development
Spina bifida - ✔️✔️neural tube fails to close caudally
- risk factor: insufficient folate (vitamin B9) consumption during pregnancy - needed for
production of DNA and RNA and for mitosis
- exposed nerves can result in infection, affect bladder and bowel function, and
paralysis
Day 20 of gestation - ✔️✔️neural groove develops; part of the mesoderm becomes
somites which become bones
Pluripo Endoderm - ✔️✔️lung, gut, and liver (inside layer)
tent - ✔️✔️potential to become any type of cell
Neuroectoderm - ✔️✔️in the ectoderm; becomes the nervous system
(Embryonic) Stem Cells - ✔️✔️precursors to all types of cells
Neurulation - ✔️✔️formation of the neural tube that becomes the nervous system
Floorplate - ✔️✔️the midline part of the neural tube (lines the neural tube)
Day 22 of gestation - ✔️✔️development of the neural tube
Roofplate - ✔️✔️closes the tube and lines it with the floorplate; facilitates differentiation
of cells
Day 24 of gestation - ✔️✔️beginnings of the CNS (neural tube), PNS (neural crest),
skeleton and axial muscles (somites)
, Spina bifida occulta - ✔️✔️more mild form of spina bifida where nerves don't protrude
through skin - often no symptoms
Anencephaly - ✔️✔️neural tube fails to close rostrally
- risk factor: insufficient folate consumption during pregnancy
- most of the brain doesn't form - baby typically doesn't live long after birth
Cell migration - ✔️✔️the directed movement of a single cell or multiple cells in
response to a mechanical/chemical signal
- in embryo develop - used to develop different parts of the body
- in adult organisms - used for tissue and wound repair, homeostasis, immune
responses to infection
X-Linked Lissencephaly - ✔️✔️- cell migration disorder where the whole brain or parts
of the brain appear smooth
- symptoms: eating or swallowing difficulty, seizures, intellectual impairment
- x-linked chromosome gene - mutation of doublecortin (DCX) - affects males more than
females
- in males - migration of all neurons is affected
- in females - some neurons stop migrating early - results in layers of neurons
misplaced in the white cortical matter, appearance of two cortices
Growth cones - ✔️✔️- make axons grow
- advance at speeds of 0.5-2 mm/day
- have Ca++ ion channels - intracellular [Ca++] regulates growth cone extension
Chemoattractants - ✔️✔️attract certain growth cones to keep them growing in a certain
direction
Chemorepellents - ✔️✔️repel certain growth cones to keep axons growing in a certain
direction
Axon guidance factors - repellents - ✔️✔️- some guidance molecules repel axons by
having high concentrations of some ions
- i.e. nephrin and slit are long-range repellents
- short-range repellents are based on things that are attached
Contact attractants/repellents - ✔️✔️guidance molecules that attract or repel without
concentration gradients - have to touch the molecule to be attracted/repelled (i.e.
ephrins are contact repellents)
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller PatrickKaylian. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $9.69. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
