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Community Relations Exam II + CLEET Relations: Qs & As
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Community Relations Exam II + CLEET Relations: Qs & As
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Community Relations Exam II + CLEET Relations: Qs &As
The U.S. Supreme Court held that due process of law required appointment of
counsel for young, inexperienced, illiterate, and indigent defendants in capital
cases in: Right Ans - Powell v. Alabama
The U.S. Supreme Court required the appointment of counsel for all indigent
defendants in federal criminal cases in: Right Ans - Johnson v. Zerbst
The U.S. Supreme Court applied the right to counsel at all critical stages in the
criminal justice process, not just at trial, in: Right Ans - Mempa v. Rhay
The U.S. Supreme Court extended to the states the requirement to appoint for
all indigent defendants in: Right Ans - 1963
The right to counsel in all criminal prosecutions is established in the __________
Amendment to the U.S. Constitution. Right Ans - 6th Amendment
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1960s was Right Ans - Reduction
of Pretrial detention
The emphasis of bail reform efforts in the 1970s was Right Ans -
Preventive detention
The U.S. Supreme Court held that the decision to prosecute may not be
deliberately based upon an unjustifiable standard such as race, religion, or
other arbitrary classification in: Right Ans - BrodenKircher v. Haye
In 1984, the Supreme Court articulated constitutional standards for
determining whether a defendant had ineffective assistance of counsel in the
case of: Right Ans - Strickland v. Washington
The odds of pretrial detention for__________ males were twice those for white
males, and the differences between these males and either African-American
females or white females were even larger. Right Ans - African American
The first bail reform movement occurred during the 19__ Right Ans - 2960s
, The second bail reform movement occurred during the 19___ Right Ans -
1970s
In 1951 there were only ___________________ public defender organizations in the
US. Right Ans - 7
In most states, _____________________________ felony cases are dismissed by the
prosecutor prior to a determination of guilt or innocence. Right Ans - 1/3
or 1/2 of all felony cases
The ______________________________ Project found that the majority of defendants
released on their own recognizance did appear for trial. Right Ans -
Manhattan Bail Project
Repeated studies consistently show that pretrial detention has __________
effects on other case processing decisions. Right Ans - Spillover effect
As part of the courtroom workgroup, in other words, public defenders are in a
better position than private attorneys to negotiate favorable plea bargains and
thus to ______________ punishment. Right Ans - Mitigate
Richard Sander, a law professor at the University of California Los Angeles,
noted that ________ percent of the African-American students who entered law
school in the fall of 1991 either did not graduate or did not pass the bar exam.
Right Ans -
A number of studies document ____________________ racial discrimination in bail
decisions. Right Ans - Direct
When asked about the amount of racial bias that currently exists in the justice
system, more than half of the African American lawyers, but only _______
percent of the white lawyers, answered "very much." Right Ans -
The strongest predictor of the outcome of a bail decision is: Right Ans -
Prosecutors recommendation on type and amount of bail
_______ is the case regarding a white student suing for admission to the
University of Michigan Law School. Right Ans -
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