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CMB2001 Questions and Answer | Latest Update 2024/2025

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What is gene expression? ~~> dsDNA is decoded to ssRNA/proteins by an mRNA intermediate using A/U/C/GTPs and RNA polymerase Where is the consensus sequence in prokaryotic promoters? ~~> at -10 and -35 upstream of the the transcription start site What recognises the consensus sequences...

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  • September 15, 2024
  • 67
  • 2024/2025
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1 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+




CMB2001 Questions and Answer |
Latest Update 2024/2025
What is gene expression?


✓ ~~> dsDNA is decoded to ssRNA/proteins by an mRNA intermediate

using A/U/C/GTPs and RNA polymerase




Where is the consensus sequence in prokaryotic promoters?


✓ ~~> at -10 and -35 upstream of the the transcription start site




What recognises the consensus sequences in prokaryotes?


✓ ~~> the holoenzyme




What is a holoenzyme?


✓ ~~> a closed complex with a core enzyme and sigma factor 70




What does the holoenzyme do?


✓ ~~> causes the dsDNA to open and allows for elongation to happen,

after 10 bases are added the sigma factor is released




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 2 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


What does eukaryotic DNA have near the transcription start site?


✓ ~~> core/basal regions




What is a possible core/basal region?


✓ ~~> TATA box




Where is a TATA box located?


✓ ~~> -26/-31




What is a possible core/basal region?


✓ ~~> initiator (INR)




Where is the initiator located?


✓ ~~> -2/+4




What is a possible core/basal region?


✓ ~~> downstream core promoter (DPE)




Where is the downstream core promoter located?




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 3 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


✓ ~~> +30




What is a possible core/basal region?


✓ ~~> TFIIB recognition element (BRE)




Where is the TFIIB recognition element located?


✓ ~~> -37/-32




What is a possible core/basal region?


✓ ~~> CpG islands




What are CpG islands?


✓ ~~> DNA regions with many cytosine bases adjacent to guanine

bases




What makes CpG islands different?


✓ ~~> normally the C residues next to G are methylated to 5-methyl C

but in the islands they are not




What effect does methylation have on gene transcription?



Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

, 4 | P a g e | © copyright 2024/2025 | Grade A+


✓ ~~> can either increase or decrease transcription of genes

depending on which amino acids are methylated, and how many

methyl groups are attached




What does eukaryotic DNA have upstream of the transcription start site?


✓ ~~> upstream regulatory regions




Whats an examples of upstream regulatory regions?


✓ ~~> CAAT box which is an UAS (upstream activating sequences)




Whats an examples of upstream regulatory regions?


✓ ~~> GC box (UAS)




What are UAS/URS?


✓ ~~> upstream activating/repressor sequences without activator

sequences the formation of PIC is ineffective and leads to poor

transcription




A way to identify promoter elements?




Master01 | September, 2024/2025 | Latest update

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