Self-perception theory - The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or
ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs
Random assignment - The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment
such that all per...
SOP 3004: Exam 1
Self-perception theory - The theory that when our attitudes and feelings are uncertain or
ambiguous, we infer these states by observing our behavior and the situation in which it occurs
Random assignment - The process of assigning participants to the conditions of an experiment
such that all persons have the same chance of being in a given condition
Hindsight Bias - The tendency to overestimate, after learning an outcome, one's ability to have
foreseen the outcome
Social Desirability Bias - A tendency to give socially approved answers to questions about oneself.
Theory - Organize, explain, and predict observable events
Hypothesis - a prediction of what we think will happen based on theory
Random sample - A sample in which each member of the population has an equal chance of being
in the sample
Operational definition - Describe a concept in terms of observable and measureable qualities
Observational/field research - Research done in natural, real-life settings outside the laboratory
Correlational research - The study of the naturally occurring relationships among variables
Experimental research - Studies that seek clues to cause-effect relationships by manipulating one
or more factors (independent variables) while controlling others (holding them constant)
Independent variable - The experimental factor that a researcher manipulates
, Dependent Variable - The variable being measured, so called because it may depend on
manipulations of the independent variable
Confound - Extraneous variable that is not part of the study that may influence the dependent
variable in a systematic way
Experimenter bias - A confounding variable that occurs when an experimenter unintentionally
encourages participants to respond in a way that supports the hypothesis
Social Psychology - The scientific study of how people's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors, are
affected by the actual or imagined presence of others
Double-blind study - An experiment in which neither the participant nor the researcher knows
whether the participant has received the treatment or the placebo
Self-reference effect - the finding that information bearing on the self is processed more
thoroughly and more deeply, and hence remembered better, than other information
Cocktail party effect - Ability to attend to only one voice among many
Self-concept - What we know and believe about ourselves
Introspection - A method of self-observation in which participants report their thoughts and
feelings
Facial feedback hypothesis - The hypothesis that changes in facial expression can lead to
corresponding changes in emotion
Social comparison theory (lateral social comparison) - The idea that we learn about our own
abilities and attitudes by comparing ourselves to other people
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