NURS 232 - Fluid & Electrolytes TEST (Graded A+ actual test)
6 views 0 purchase
Course
NURS 232 - Fluid & Electrolytes
Institution
NURS 232 - Fluid & Electrolytes
Atrial natriuretic peptide role in the kidneys - ️️-Increases GFR by altering pressure
in the glomerular capillaries
-Reduces the reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubules through inhibition
of ADH
-Reduces renin secretion, inhibiting the RAAS
◦Result = fluid loss from the ...
NURS 232 - Fluid & Electrolytes
Atrial natriuretic peptide role in the kidneys - ✔️✔️-Increases GFR by altering pressure
in the glomerular capillaries
-Reduces the reabsorption of sodium in the distal convoluted tubules through inhibition
of ADH
-Reduces renin secretion, inhibiting the RAAS
◦Result = fluid loss from the extra cellular compartment and lowered blood pressure
Body mechanisms for fluid control - ✔️✔️-Thirst mechanism: osmoreceptors in the
hypothalamus
-Antidiuretic hormone (ADH): promotes reabsorption of water into blood from kidney
tubules
Osmolality - ✔️✔️-Concentration of fluid
◦Serum osmolality: normal = 280-300 mmol/kg
◦Hyper-osmolar means too many molecules
◦Hypo-osmolar means too dilute
Total body water is __% of body weight, and formed components are __% of body
weight - ✔️✔️60, 40
Total body water - ✔️✔️-60% of body weight
-Intracellular: 40% of body weight
-Extracellular: 20% of body weight
Components of extracellular fluid - ✔️✔️-Interstitial fluid: 14% of body weight
-Plasma volume: 5% of body weight
-Transcellular volume: 1% of body weight
Interstitial fluid - ✔️✔️Ultra filtrate of plasma, very little protein
Which populations have lower water content and what is the risk of this? - ✔️✔️-
Females have higher % of fatty tissue so have lower water content than males
-Older adults and obese persons
-Risk = more likely to be affected by any fluid imbalance
, Populations at greatest risk for fluid and electrolyte imbalances - ✔️✔️Pediatrics
-75% to 80% of body weight
-Susceptible to significant changes in body fluids
◦Dehydration in newborns
Aging
-Decreased % of total body water
◦Decreased free fat mass and decreased muscle mass
◦Renal decline
◦Diminished thirst perception
Aquaporins - ✔️✔️Pores in the cell membrane that let water in and out
Fluid and electrolyte balance - ✔️✔️The process of regulating the extracellular fluid
volume, body fluid osmolality, and plasma concentrations of electrolytes
Forces for movement of water and solutes - ✔️✔️-Filtration:
◦Capillary hydrostatic pressure (blood pressure)
◦Interstitial osmotic pressure (water-pulling)
-Reabsorption:
◦Plasma (capillary) osmotic pressure (water-pulling) (↑ albumin), aka oncotic pressure
◦Interstitial hydrostatic pressure
-Osmotic and hydrostatic pressure are opposing forces that keep the distribution of
water constant
When capillary hydrostatic pressure is greater than osmotic pressure... - ✔️✔️fluid
leaves the capillary and enters the tissue
When capillary hydrostatic pressure is less than osmotic pressure... - ✔️✔️fluid enters
the capillary because it is pulled back into the bloodstream
Organs involved in fluid and electrolyte balance - ✔️✔️Lungs, GI tract, kidneys
Name three receptors that act on the hypothalamus - ✔️✔️1. Osmolality receptors
(thirst perception)
◦Hyperosmolality and plasma volume depletion
2. Volume receptors
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller ACADEMICMATERIALS. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $7.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
