BIO 201-Chapter 2 Test Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
BIO 201
Institution
BIO 201
Biochemistry The study of the molecules that compose living organisms
Element The simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties
Trace Elements Elements that count for less then 0.02% body weight
Minerals inorganic elements that are extracted from the soil by plants and assed up the ...
BIO 201-Chapter 2 Test Questions and
Correct Answers
Biochemistry ✅The study of the molecules that compose living organisms
Element ✅The simplest form of matter to have unique chemical properties
Trace Elements ✅Elements that count for less then 0.02% body weight
Minerals ✅inorganic elements that are extracted from the soil by plants and assed up
the food chain to humans and other organisms.
Atoms are made up of ✅Protons, Neutrons & Electrons
Protons ✅located in the nucleus of the atom, has a single positive charge
Neutrons ✅located in the nucleus of the atom, has no charge
Electrons ✅located outside the nucleus of the atom, are tiny particles with a single
negative charge and very low mass.
Valence Electrons ✅Electrons of the outermost shell of an atom
Isotopes ✅elements wich differ from one another only in number of neutrons and in
atomic mass.
radioisotopes ✅unstable isotopes
radioactivity ✅the process of decay on an isotope
ionizing radiation ✅caused by high-energy radiation, which rejects electrons from
atoms, converting atoms to ions.
Physical Half-life ✅the time required for 50% of a radioisotopes atoms to decay to a
more stable state.
Biological Half-life of a radioisotope is the ✅time required for half of it to disappear
from the body
Ions ✅are charged particles with unequal numbers of proton and electrons
anion ✅is a particle that gains electrons and acquires a negative charge
, cation ✅looses electrons and acquires a positive charge
Electrolytes ✅salts that ionize in water and form solutions capable of conducting
electricity
Free Radicals ✅Chemical properties with an odd number of electrons.
Antioxidant ✅a chemical that neutralizes free radicals
Molecules ✅chemical particles composed of 2 or more atoms united by a COVALENT
chemical bond (The sharing of electrons)
Compounds ✅molecules composed of 2 or more different elements
Isomer ✅molecules with identical molecular formulae but different arrangements of
their atoms
molecular weight (MW)of a compound is ✅the sum of the atomic weights of its atoms
A molecule is held together , and molecules are attracted to one another by forces
called ✅chemical bonds
the bonds of greatest physiological interest are ✅ionic bonds
covalent bonds
hydrogen bonds
and
Van der Walls forces
Ionic bonds ✅is the week attraction of a cation to an anion, easily disrupt in water as
when salt dissolves
Covalent bonds ✅from by the sharing of electrons between nuclei
Single Covalent bonds ✅Sharing of one electron pair
Double Covalent bonds ✅sharing of 2 electron pairs, often between carbon atoms,
carbon and oxygen or carbon and nitrogen
Non-polar Covalent bonds ✅where electrons are equally attracted to both nuclei
**Strongest type of chemical bond**
Polar Covalent bond ✅electrons are more attracted to one nucleus then to another
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