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Physiology Exam 1 (Mizzou) 3202 MPP Complete Quizes.

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Physiology Exam 1 (Mizzou) 3202 MPP Complete Quizes. Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER it is the constancy of the internal environment that is the condition for a free and independent life homeostasis: control - CORRECT ANSWER receptors integrating center effectors signals Receptors - CO...

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  • September 11, 2024
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Physiology Exam 1 (Mizzou) 3202 MPP
Complete Quizes.

Homeostasis - CORRECT ANSWER it is the constancy of the internal environment that is the condition for
a free and independent life



homeostasis: control - CORRECT ANSWER receptors

integrating center

effectors

signals



Receptors - CORRECT ANSWER thermoreceptors

chemoreceptors

baroreceptors



Integrating Center - CORRECT ANSWER orchestrates an appropriate response many integrating centers
are found in the brain



Effectors - CORRECT ANSWER responsible for body responses

- muscles (smooth, striated, and cardiac)

- glands



Signals - CORRECT ANSWER input signal is from a receptor to an integrating center

output signal is from an integrating center to an effector

chemical or nerves



Negative Feedback - CORRECT ANSWER - response opposes or removes the signal

- can restore normal state, but cannot prevent initial signal

,- designed to keep system at / near a set point so that the regulated variable is relatively stable

- can restore normal state



Positive Feedback - CORRECT ANSWER response reinforces the stimulus

- not homeostatic

- the stimulus is increased



Intrinsic - CORRECT ANSWER within organ

- ability of vessels to constrict or dilate



Extrinsic - CORRECT ANSWER regulation by nervous or endocrine (hormone) systems

-



Antagonistic Effectors - CORRECT ANSWER many factors (blood glucose, heart rate) are controlled by
multiple effectors, which have antagonistic actions

- refined control



Blood pressure (negative feedback response) - CORRECT ANSWER - lying down

- standing up (blood pressure falls) stimulus

- blood pressure receptors respond (sensor)

- medulla oblongata of brain

- heart rate increases (effector)

- rise in blood pressure



Homeostasis: Mass Balance - CORRECT ANSWER - depends on body maintaining mass balance (amount
of substance in the body to remain constant, any gain must be offset by an equal loss)

- total amount = intake + production - excretion - metabolism

- clearance = the rate a which a compound disappears from blood

, Homeostasis: Fluid Compartments - CORRECT ANSWER ICF = intracellular fluid (fluid within cells)

ECF = extracellular fluid (fluid outside cells but within body is the "internal environment')

- subdivisons

- plasma: fluid around blood cells

- tissue fluid: fluid surrounding other cells



Fluids - CORRECT ANSWER - intracellular fluid is 2/3 of body volume inside of our cells

- fluid moving inside and outside ICF must cross cell membrane

- extracellular fluid - fluid outside of cells (1/3 of body volume)

- the ECF consists of interstitial fluid and plasma

- interstitial fluid = lies between circulatory system and cells (75% of ECF volume)

-plasma = fluid matrix of blood (25% of ECF)



Ion Concentration - CORRECT ANSWER free calcium is toxic to cells

- calcium is required tho



Extracellular Environment - CORRECT ANSWER everything outside the cells

- receive nourishment from and release wastes into extracellular environment

- cells communicate with each other by secreting chemical regulators into the extracellular environment

- lots of protein (collagen) connecting fibers

- elastin protein fibers contract or relax its stretchy



Extracellular Matrix - CORRECT ANSWER - contains protein fibers (collagen)

- ground substance (glycoproteins and proteoglycans)

- Integrins = glycoproteins that extend from the cell and bind to the extracellular matrix: cells have
ability to move



Cell Membrane - CORRECT ANSWER -lipid rich environment

-hydrophilic (heads) on outside they love water

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