Exam (elaborations)
NBME CBSE EXAM 2024/2025
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NBME CBSE EXAM 2024/2025
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NBME CBSE EXAM 2024/20251. Bulbus cordis Smooth parts (outflow tract) of left and right
ventricles
2. endocardial cush- Atrial septum, membranous interventricular
ions septum; AV and semilunar valves
neural crest
3. left horn of the coronary sinus
si- nus venosus
4. posterior, sub IVC
cardinal, and
supra
cardinal veins
5. Right common SVC
cardinal vein and
right anterior
car- dinal vein
6. Right horn of si- Smooth part of right atrium (sinus venarum)
nus venosus
7. Patent foramen failure of septum primum and septum secundum
ovale to fuse after birth
8. Transposition of Conotruncal abnormalities associated with failure
the great vessels of neural crest cells to migrate
Tetralogy of
Fallot Persistent
trun- cus
arteriosus
9. ductus venosus connects the umbilical vein to the inferior vena
cava,
bypassing the liver
becomes ligamentum venosum
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, NBME CBSE EXAM 2024/2025
10. phrenic nerve innervates the diaphragm and pericardium
11. S3 heart sound
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, NBME CBSE EXAM 2024/2025
Increased ventricular filling pressure (e.g., mitral
regurgi- tation, HF), common in dilated ventricles
normal in kids and pregnant women
12. S4 heart sound atrial kick late diastole, right before S1
best heard at apex in LLD
position High atrial pressure.
Stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis,
restrictive cardiomyopathy)
Always abnormal
13. atria contract a wave of JVP
14. c wave RV contraction (closed tricuspid valve bulging into
atri-
um) wave of JVP
15. x descent JVP wave corresponding to downward
displacement of
closed tricuspid valve during rapid ventricular
ejection phase
reduced or absent in tricuspid regurge
16. V wave JVP wave corresponding to inc'd RA pressure due
to
filling against closed tricuspid valve
17. y descent JVP wave corresponding to RA emptying into RV
absent in cardiac tamponade
18. plusus parvus et 19. PR interval
tardus
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, NBME CBSE EXAM 2024/2025
puls
es
are
wea
k
with
dela
yed
pea
k
Aorti
c
sten
osis
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