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Pathophysiology - Module 3 Quiz Questions and Answers Fully Solved
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Pathophysiology - Module 3 Quiz
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Pathophysiology - Module 3 QuizAllostasis - answeran adaptive physiologic response to stressful events (i.e., fight or
flight)
"wear and tear on the body as a result of stressful events"
Allostasis involves - answer"stability through change"
In allostasis, the brain continuously monitors for future events and anticipates what is
required from __________________________ and ___________________________
systems - answerneuroendocrine, autonomic
Allostatic overload - answeran exaggerated, pathophysiologic response to stress
Allostatic overload involves overactivation of - answeradaptive systems
Allostatic overload is highly _____________________________ - answerindividualized
Homeostasis - answera biological system's ability to maintain dynamic internal
equilibrium in the face of external or internal changes
"body imbalance"
Physiological responses to stress are processed through - answerSympathetic nervous
system (SNS)
Parasympathetic nervous system (PNS)
Sympathetic nervous system - answer"flight or flight"
produces hormonal and
catecholamine responses
up-regulated during stress
Parasympathetic nervous system - answerdown-regulated during stress
HPA axis - answerHypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal axis
Hypothalamus secretes - answercorticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
, Pituitary secretes - answeradrenocorticotropic-releasing hormone (ACTH)
Adrenals secrete - answercortisol and catecholamines
Cortisol is secreted during ___________________ and reaches all
__________________ - answerstress, tissues
Cortisol stimulates ______________________________ and elevates blood
_______________________ levels - answergluconeogenesis, glucose
__________________ affects protein metabolism - answerCortisol
Cortisol is a powerful ___________________________ and
___________________________ agent - answeranti-inflammatory,
immunosuppressive
Abnormal elevations of cortisol are linked to - answerObesity
Sleep deprivation
Lipid abnormalities
Hypertension
Diabetes
Artherosclerosis
Loss of bone density
Secretion of cortisol during stress inhibits initial _______________________________
effects - answerinflammatory
Promotes resolution and repair - answercortisol
Cortisol induces T-cell _______________________ - answerapoptosis
Cortisol influences virtually all _____________________ cells - answerimmune
Elevated levels of cortisol may decrease _________________ immunity and increase
_____________________responses - answerinnate, autoimmune
Catecholamines include - answerepinephrine
nonepinephrine
Catecholamines are released from the - answeradrenal medualla
Stimulates two major classes of receptors - answerCatecholamines
Catecholamine receptor types - answera-adrenergic receptors
b-adrenergic receptors
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