MDC Final Exam Questions Correctly
Answered.
myopia - CORRECT ANSWER nearsightedness
_______ occurs when the eye overbends the light and images converge in front of the retina. Near
vision is normal, but distance vision is poor. It is corrected with a concave lens in eyeglasses or contact
lenses.
o Age (Older adult/young children)
o Wound/Break in first line of defense (break in skin/skin breakdown, insect bite, insertion of IV-creates
a portal of entry)
o Illness or Injury
o Tobacco Use (chemicals paralyze cilia)
o Substance Abuse (alcohol diminishes hunger, paralyzes cells in intestines)
o Multiple Sex partners (STI, cervical CA)
o Environmental Factors (work situation, living situation)
o Chronic Disease (hypertension, DM,...think poor circulation)
o Medications (immunosuppressants, NSAIDs, chemo, antibiotics)
o Invasive Nursing and Medical Procedures (urinary cath/IV line )
o Impaired immune system*** - CORRECT ANSWER Risk factors for infection
Culture
- how does it affect healthcare? preferences, healthcare views, how they view illness and disease, pain,
death rituals, patient education, alternative therapies
*identifying that culture and heritage can be passed down through generations, it will often impact their
interactions with healthcare - CORRECT ANSWER - the totality of socially transmitted behavior patterns,
arts, beliefs, values, customs, lifeways, and all other products of human work and thought
characteristics of a population of people that guides their worldview and decision making
- can be taught
,- complete a fall-risk assessment at admission & regular intervals
- ensure patient has and knows how to use the call light
- use fall-risk alerts (color-coded wristbands)
- provide regular toileting and orientation of clients who have cognitive impairment
- provide adequate lighting
- place clients at risk for falls near a nurses station
- provide hourly rounding
- make sure personal items are within reach
- keep bed low, lock the breaks
- side rails up (for unconscious patients, sedated, etc.)
- non-skid footwear
- use gait belts and other assistive equipment when moving patients
- keep floor clean (no clutter, cords, scatter rugs, etc.)
- electronic safety monitors (chair or bed sensors) - CORRECT ANSWER List the fall preventions
History of falls
Polypharmacy
BP meds
Sedatives (drowsiness)
Opioids
Immobility
Urinary frequency
Hypotension
Confusion ("cognitive dysfunction") - can't follow directions - CORRECT ANSWER What are some factors
that put a patient at a high risk for falls?
- decreased strength
- impaired mobility and balance
,- improper use of mobility aids*
- unsafe clothing*
- environmental hazards
- endurance limitations
- decreased sensory perception - CORRECT ANSWER Why are older adults at an increased risk for falls?
- keep firearms unloaded, locked up, and out of reach
- teach to never touch a gun or stay at a friend's house where a gun is accessible
- store bullets in a different location from guns - CORRECT ANSWER Home Safety: Preschoolers and
School Age Children
- Firearms
- teach child about the hazards of alcohol, cigarettes, and prescription, non-prescription, and illicit drugs
- keep potentially dangerous substances out of reach - CORRECT ANSWER Home Safety: Preschoolers
and School Age Children
- Poison
- use booster seats for children under 4'9" tall and weigh less than 40 lb
- use seatbelt properly after booster seat
- teach child safety rules of the road - CORRECT ANSWER Home Safety: Preschoolers and School Age
Children
- Motor Vehicles
- be sure child has learned to swim and knows rules of water safety
- have the child wear a life jacket when near water. Implement a buddy system for the school-aged child
- place locked fences around home and neighborhood pools
- provide supervision near pools or water - CORRECT ANSWER Home Safety: Preschoolers and School
Age Children
- Drowning
, - remove items that could cause the client to trip (throw rugs and loose carpets)
- place electrical cords and extension cords against a wall behind furniture
- monitor gait and balance, and provide aids as needed
- make sure that steps and sidewalks are in good repair
- place grab bars near the toilet and in the tub or shower, and install a stool riser
- use a nonskid mat in the tub or shower
- place a shower chair in the shower and provide a bedside commode if needed
- ensure that lighting is adequate inside and outside the home and remove clutter
- usually personnel can do a home safety check - CORRECT ANSWER List the fall preventions at home
- keep emergency numbers near the phone for prompt use in the event of an emergency of any type
- ensure that the number and placement of fire extinguishers and smoke alarms are adequate, that they
are functional, and that family members understand how to operate them. Set a time to routinely
change batteries in smoke alarms
- have a family exit plan for fires that is reviewed and practiced regularly. Be sure to include closing
windows and doors if able and to exit a smoke-filled area by covering the mouth and nose with a damp
cloth and getting down as close to the floor as possible
- "stop, drop, and roll" - CORRECT ANSWER Fire Safety: Elements of a Home Safety Plan
· use and store oxygen equipment according to the manufacturer's recommendations
· place a "no smoking" sign in a conspicuous place near the front door of the home and client's bedroom
· inform the client and family of the danger of smoking in the presence of oxygen. Family members and
visitors who smoke should do so outside the home
· ensure that electrical equipment is in good repair and well grounded
· replace bedding that can generate static electricity (wool, nylon, synthetics) with items made from
cotton
· keep flammable materials (heating oil and nail polish remover) away from the client when oxygen is in
use
· follow general measures for fire safety in the home (having a fire extinguisher readily available and an
established exit route if a fire occurs - CORRECT ANSWER Oxygen safety measures
every 6 months - CORRECT ANSWER How often should smoke detectors have their batteries checked?
