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AGB 302 FINAL (Set One- Ch 2,3,4,5 and 6) Exam Questions and Answers
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AGB 302 FINAL (Set One- Ch 2,3,4,5 and 6) Exam Questions and Answers
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AGB 302 FINAL (Set One- Ch 2,3,4,5 and 6)Exam Questions and Answers
political economy (think ecosystem) - Answer -to stress that the political, economic, and
legal systems of a country are interdependent; they interact with and influence each other,
and in doing so, they affect the level of economic well-being.
political system - Answer --the political system of a country shapes its economic and legal
systems
-we mean the system of government in a nation.
-Political systems can be assessed according to two dimensions: 1)collectivism as
opposed to individualism. 2) democratic or totalitarian.
Collectivism - Answer --refers to a political system that stresses the primacy of collective
goals over individual goals
-the needs of society as a whole are generally viewed as being more important than
individual freedoms
Advocacy of collectivism can be traced to... - Answer -Greek philosopher Plato (427-347
b.c.), who, in The Republic, argued that individual rights should be sacrificed for the good
of the majority and that property should be owned in common.
Plato did not equate collectivism with equality...he believed that?... - Answer -that society
should be stratified into classes, with those best suited to rule administering society for the
benefit of all
In modern times, the collectivist mantle has been picked up by... - Answer -socialists
Modern socialists trace their intellectual roots to.. - Answer -Karl Marx
According to Marx, the pay of workers does not reflect... - Answer -the full value of their
labor.
Marx advocated state ownership of.. - Answer -the basic means of production, distribution,
and exchange (i.e., businesses).
,In the early twentieth century, the socialist ideology split into two broad camps which are: -
Answer -communists and social democrats
communists believed that socialism... - Answer -could be achieved only through violent
revolution and totalitarian dictatorship
social democrats committed themselves to... - Answer -to achieving socialism by
democratic means
communism reached a high-point in what time period? - Answer -1970's
in the 1970's which countries were communist? - Answer -the former Soviet Union; its
eastern European client nations (e.g., Poland, Czechoslovakia, Hungary); China; the
Southeast Asian nations of Cambodia, Laos, and Vietnam; various African nations (e.g.,
Angola and Mozambique); and the Latin American nations of Cuba and Nicaragua.
when did communism decline? - Answer -the 1990's
Consistent with their Marxist roots, after World War II social democratic government in
some nations did what? - Answer -national-ized some private companies, transforming
them into state-owned enterprises to be run for the "public good rather than private profit."
state-owned enterprises to be run for the "public good rather than private profit" was a
trend where? - Answer -Great Britain
privatization - Answer -the act of selling state-owned enterprises to private investors
individualism - Answer -refers to a philosophy that an individual should have freedom in his
or her economic and political pursuits
individualism can be traced to... - Answer -Aristotle
-argued that private property is more highly productive than communal property and will
thus stimulate progress.
Individualism was reborn as an influential political philosophy in the Protestant trading
nations of England and the Netherlands during which century? - Answer -sixteenth
the philosophy of individualism was refind by which three philosophers? - Answer -David
Hume (1711-1776), Adam Smith (1723-1790), and John Stuart Mill (1806-1873).
What are the two central tenants of individualism? - Answer -1) the importance
of guaranteeing individual freedom and self-expression
2) the welfare of society is best served by letting people pursue their own economic self-
interest, as opposed to some collective body (such as government) dictating what is in
society's best interest
, Who wrote The Wealth of Nations? - Answer -Adam Smith
-the book spoke about the philosophy of individualism
Democracy - Answer -refers to a political system in which government is by the people,
exercised either directly or through elected representatives
Totalitarianism - Answer -A form of government in which the ruler is an absolute dictator
(not restricted by a constitution or laws or opposition etc.)
Where was democracy born? - Answer -Greece
Most modern democratic states practice.. - Answer -representative democracy (think of
the U.S.)
an ideal representative democracy has a number of safeguards that are typi-cally
enshrined in constitutional law. what are these safeguards (there are nine*)? - Answer -(1)
an individual's right to freedom of expression, opinion, and organization; (2) a free media;
(3) regular elections in which all eligible citizens are allowed to vote; (4) universal adult
suffrage; (5) limited terms for elected representatives; (6) a fair court system that is
independent from the political system; (7) a nonpolitical state bureaucracy; (8) a
nonpolitical police force and armed service; and (9) relatively free access to state
information.
How many major forms of totalitarianism exist in the world today? - Answer -Four
Until recently, the most
widespread form of totalitarianism was.. - Answer -communist totalitarianism
Theocratic Totalitarianism - Answer -a political system in which political power is
monopolized by a party, group, or individual that governs according to religious principles
The most common form of theocratic totalitarianism is based on.. - Answer -Islam
tribal totalitarianism - Answer -A political system in which a party, group, or individual that
represents the interests of a particular tribe (ethnic group) monopolizes political power.
Right-Wing Totalitarianism - Answer -A political system in which political power is
monopolized by a party, group, or individual that generally permits individual economic
freedom but restricts individual political freedom, including free speech, often on the
grounds that it would lead to the rise of communism.
A common feature of many right-wing dictatorships is... - Answer -an overt hostility to
socialist or communist ideas. Many right-wing totalitarian governments are backed by the
military, and in some cases, the government may be made up of military officers.
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