Exam (elaborations)
PHCY 502_Class 1_ Stress & Adaptation Exam Study Guide
- Course
- Institution
PHCY 502_Class 1_ Stress & Adaptation Exam Study Guide ...
[Show more]
Content preview
PHCY 502_Class 1_ Stress &Adaptation Exam Study Guide
stress - Answer is the sum of biological reactions that occur when homeostasis is
disturbed — or when it is treated or perceived to be threatened by the organism.
eustress - Answer is a relatively small dose of stress that appears to be beneficial by
increasing energy and alertness, and by keeping focus on an immediate problem.
distress - Answer is the situation when stress becomes a problem by damaging health,
mood, productivity, relationships, and quality of life.
homeostasis - Answer is a complex and dynamic "steady state" that must be maintained
by all living organisms, and in which essential parameters are in balance near an ideal
"set point".
stressor - Answer is an agent or condition that is perceived to be challenging or
threatening because it can disturb homeostasis.
Allostasis - Answer an active process of successfully adapting to stressors and
establishing a new, altered "steady state" in light of environmental and lifestyle
changes.
Fight-or-Flight - Answer is the set of immediate physiological responses to a stressor
(agent or situation) that threatens homeostasis. Follows from activation of the
sympathetic nervous system, including neurotransmission via norepinephrine (NE) and
release of epinephrine (Epi).
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) Axis - Answer is the collection of three key
neuroendocrine systems (the hypothalamus, pituitary gland, and adrenal gland) that
regulate endocrine signaling and neurotransmission in response to stress.
receptor - Answer is an agent (typically a biomolecule such as a protein) that transducer
a stimulus into a biochemical event or electrochemical impulse.
effector - Answer is an agent (typically a biomolecule such as a protein) that makes a
change that results in a biological effect.
afferent signal - Answer is an electrochemical impulse that moves from a receptor
towards a control center or integrator (e.g., the CNS).
efferent signal - Answer is an electrochemical impulse that moves from a control center
or integrator (e.g., the CNS) towards an effector.
, endocrine signaling - Answer is a common type of intercellular communication in which
the signaling molecules (hormones) are secreted and carried through the circulation to
act on target cells at distant body sites to regulate physiology and behavior
hormone - Answer is a common class of intercellular signaling molecules in multicellular
organisms that are secreted by specialized endocrine cells and carried through the
circulation to act on target cells at distant body sites to regulate physiology and
behavior.
Hypothalamus - Answer is a portion of the brain that is located below the thalamus and
is part of the limbic system. It is the master regulatory, or control, center of endocrine
action, linking the central nervous system to the endocrine system and to the
sympathetic nervous system via the pituitary gland.
pituitary - Answer is an endocrine gland that extends off the bottom of the hypothalamus
at the base of the brain. The primary endocrine hormones produced in the
hypothalamus are stored in and released from this region of the brain
thyroid - Answer is an endocrine gland located at the front of the neck, below the
Adam's apple. Secretes three hormones: the two thyroid hormones - triiodothyronine
(T3) and thyroxine (T4, which is readily metabolized to T3) - and a peptide hormone,
calcitonin
adrenal glands - Answer are endocrine glands found above the kidneys that produce a
variety of hormones including adrenaline and the steroids cortisol and aldosterone.
pancreas - Answer is an organ of the digestive system and endocrine system that is
located in the abdomen behind the stomach, which has both endocrine and exocrine
functions
thyrotropin-releasing hormone - Answer is one of five major endocrine "releasing
hormones" secreted by the hypothalamus to induce Thyroid Stimulating Hormone (TSH)
release from the pituitary gland.
corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) - Answer is one of five major endocrine
"releasing hormones" secreted by the hypothalamus to induce adrenocorticotropic
hormone (ACTH) release from the pituitary gland.
somatotropin-releasing hormone - Answer is one of five major endocrine "releasing
hormones" secreted by the hypothalamus to induce somatotropin (growth hormone)
release from the pituitary gland.
adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) - Answer is a polypeptide hormone produced by
and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Primarily acts at the cortex of the adrenal
gland where it affects production and release of glucocorticoids, mineralocorticoids,
and androgens.
somatropin (growth hormone) - Answer is a polypeptide hormone produced and
secreted by the anterior pituitary gland. Stimulates cell division (e.g., protein and DNA
The benefits of buying summaries with Stuvia:
Guaranteed quality through customer reviews
Stuvia customers have reviewed more than 700,000 summaries. This how you know that you are buying the best documents.
Quick and easy check-out
You can quickly pay through credit card or Stuvia-credit for the summaries. There is no membership needed.
Focus on what matters
Your fellow students write the study notes themselves, which is why the documents are always reliable and up-to-date. This ensures you quickly get to the core!
Frequently asked questions
What do I get when I buy this document?
You get a PDF, available immediately after your purchase. The purchased document is accessible anytime, anywhere and indefinitely through your profile.
Satisfaction guarantee: how does it work?
Our satisfaction guarantee ensures that you always find a study document that suits you well. You fill out a form, and our customer service team takes care of the rest.
Who am I buying these notes from?
Stuvia is a marketplace, so you are not buying this document from us, but from seller Zayla. Stuvia facilitates payment to the seller.
Will I be stuck with a subscription?
No, you only buy these notes for $10.99. You're not tied to anything after your purchase.
Can Stuvia be trusted?
4.6 stars on Google & Trustpilot (+1000 reviews)
77764 documents were sold in the last 30 days
Founded in 2010, the go-to place to buy study notes for 14 years now