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Chem219 Unit 4 Test with Questions Solved 100% Correct | Latest Update
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Chem219 Unit 4 Test with Questions Solved100% Correct | Latest Update
What is the additional method of classification for Alkyl halides? - ✔✔Alkyl
halides are characterized according to the degree of "steric bulk" or structural
substitution surrounding any carbon atom that bears a halogen.
- the alkyl halide is primary (1°) if only one carbon is directly attached to the
carbon bearing the halogen.
- If there are two carbons directly attached to the carbon bearing the halogen,
then the halide is classified as secondary (2°)
- if three carbons are directly attached to the carbon bearing the halogen, the
halide is tertiary (3°).
- If there are only hydrogen atoms directly attached to the carbon bearing the
halogen (no other carbons) then the halide is referred to as a "methyl" halide.
Recognizing the degree of structural substitution of an alkyl halide molecule is
important in being able to predict how the molecule will react under varying
conditions and as to what products will form
Subclassification of alkyl halides: if only one carbon is directly attached to the
carbon bearing the halogen - ✔✔primary (1°)
Image where R = a carbon
,Subclassification of alkyl halides: If there are two carbons directly attached to the
carbon bearing the halogen - ✔✔secondary (2°)
Subclassification of alkyl halides: if three carbons are directly attached to the
carbon bearing the halogen - ✔✔tertiary (3°)
Subclassification of alkyl halides: If there are only hydrogen atoms directly
attached to the carbon bearing the halogen (no other carbons) - ✔✔"methyl"
halide
What symbol is used in place for a generic halogen atom?
What symbole is used in place for a carbon atom sometimes? - ✔✔X for a
halogen atom
R for a carbon atom
What quality of the alkyl halide molecules is responsible for nucleophilic
substitution reactions? - ✔✔The polarized carbon-halogen bond
What does the polarization carbon-halogen bond look like in an alkyl halide
molecule? - ✔✔Because halogens are more electronegative than carbon atoms
the carbon becomes electron-deficient and as a result, gets a slight positive
charge (as well as a slight negative charge on the halogen correspondingly). This
phenomenon is present in all alkyl halide molecules.
, What is the abbreviation for a nucleophilic substitution reaction? - ✔✔Sn
(Substitution, Nucleophilic)
functional group interconversion - ✔✔One type of functional group (alkyl
halide) is converted to another by substitution.
By using nucleophilic substitution, a vast array of different types of compounds
can be created starting from a simple alkyl halide.
What is the substrate in a nucleophilic substitution reaction? - ✔✔The
molecule on which the substitution occurs
What is the leaving group in a nucleophilic substitution reaction? - ✔✔An atom
(or group of atoms) that is replaced by another when the substitution occurs (the
halogen).
What is the nucleophile in a nucleophilic substitution reaction? - ✔✔The
replacing group.
A chemical species that seeks positive charge (nucleo = nucleus/positive charge,
phile = love).
What is the solvent in a nucleophilic substitution reaction? - ✔✔The solution in
which the reagents are combined.
Generic formula for nucleophilic substitution reaction - ✔✔Nucleophile: +
Substrate - Leaving Group --> Nucleophile - Substrate + Leaving Group:
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