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LPN Entrance Exam
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LPN Entrance ExamThe order of the scientific method 1 problem identification
2 question asking
3 developing a hypothesis
4 experimentation and data collection
5 analyze collected data
6 conclusion
The steps of data collection 1 observation
2 measurement
3 samples
4 organization
Deductive reasoning Method whereby conclusions follow from general principles. Leads to a
specific conclusion.
Inductive reasoning Method of arriving at general principles from specific facts. Conclusion is
formed by information that is most likely true
Atoms The smallest part of an element that still retains all the original properties of the element.
They combine to form molecules
Molecules a chemical bonding of atoms. They combine to form cells!!!
Organs Two or more tissue types that work together to perform a specific function
What are the four types of tissue? epithelial, connective, muscular, and nervous
Epithelial tissue Provides covering or produce secretions. Commonly exists in layers and does not
have its own blood supply. Because of this, it depends on nearby capillaries for food and oxygen, via
diffusion.
What are the two TYPES of epithelial tissue? 1. Simple epithelium = One layer of cells. Found in
body structures where absorption, secretion, and filtration occur.
2. Stratified epithelium = Multiple layers of cells. Serves as protection
What are the three SHAPES of epithelial tissue? Squamous, cuboidal, and columnar
What body parts are made of connective tissue?tendons, ligaments, bones, blood, and adipose (fat).
Some connective tissues, such as ligaments, do not have their own blood supply.
tendon strong connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone
Ligament strong connective tissue that attaches bone to bone
,What are the three types of muscle tissue? 1. Skeletal = Supports voluntary movements
connected to bones in the skeletal system
2. Cardiac = Found in heart. Under Involuntary control
3. Smooth = Found in walls of hollow organs such as intestines, blood vessels, bladder, and uterus.
Also under involuntary control
Nervous tissue makes up the... Brain, spinal cord, and nerves
The circulatory system is made up of what? What is its function?The heart, blood vessels, and blood.
Circulates and distributes various substances throughout the body such as oxygen, hormones, and
nutrients from food
The digestive system consists of... All the organs from mouth to the anus. This includes the
esophagus, stomach, small and large intestines, rectum, liver, pancreas, and anus.
What is the function of the digestive system? Indigestion and breakdown of food.
MANUFACTURES ENZYMES that break down food so nutrients can be passed into the blood and then
into the body
what parts is the small intestine made of, and what is its function? The small intestine is made
up of the duodenum, jejunum and ileum. It is the site for nutrition absorption.
ABSORBS NUTRIENTS
What is the function of the colon? the colon removes WATER from the waste that remains
after absorption by the small intestine.
REMOVES WATER
What is the function of the liver? The liver produces bile that helps break down fats.
PRODUCES BILE
What is the function of the pancreas? The pancreas delivers enzymes to the small intestine that
aid in digestion
DELIVERS ENZYMES
What is the function of the endocrine system? The endocrine system controls body functions such
as growth and metabolism. It is made up of glands that secrete hormones to the blood, then to
organs, then to the rest of the body.
what are the glands of the endocrine system? the pineal, pituitary, thalamus, hypothalamus,
thyroid, thymus, and adrenal glands.
, PPHATTT
what is the integumentary system made up of, and what is its function? made up of the skin,
mucous membranes, hair, and nails. Protects internal tissues from injury and pathogens. Also
waterproofs the body and regulates body temperature.
HNMS (like the store H&M)
what is the function of the lymphatic system? Lymph nodes and lymph vessels carry lymph, Which
is a clear fluid rich in antibodies. Houses and transports white blood cells to and from lymph nodes.
Returns leaked fluid back into the blood vessels (back into blood).
What does the lymphatic system consist of? The spleen, thymus, and tonsils. They are all made
of lymphoid tissue.
Muscular system The muscular system consists ONLY of skeletal muscles, as well as tendons
and ligaments. The muscular system DOES NOT include cardiac and smooth muscles, which are
involuntary
What parts does the nervous system consist of, and what is its function? The nervous system consists
of the brain, spinal cord, and nerves. It is the body's control system. Sensory receptors detect stimuli
that can occur both inside and outside the body.
What does the reproductive system consist of? Testes, penis, ovaries, vagina, and breasts. These
organs house hormones that encourage or suppress activities within the body, and they also
influence the development of the body.
What is the function of the respiratory system? The respiratory system keeps the body's cells
supplied with oxygen, and it removes CO2 as it is released from cells. Alveoli are tiny air sacks in the
lungs through which oxygen and CO2 move in and out of via small blood vessels called arterioles.
What are arterioles? Arterioles are small blood vessels found in the walls of alveoli which are
found in the lungs. Oxygen and CO2 move in and out of these small blood vessels.
What does the respiratory system consist of? Nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, and
the lungs.
What does the skeletal system consists of, and what is its function? The skeletal system consists
of bones, cartilage, ligaments, and joints. It provides support and protection, and a framework that
creates movements (with the help of muscles).
What is the function of the urinary system? The urinary system helps maintain the
water/electrolyte balance within the body. It also regulates the acid-base balance of the blood, and
removes all nitrogen-containing waste from the body.
Where does nitrogen-containing waste in the body come from? Nitrogen-containing wastes are by-
products of the breakdown of proteins and nucleic acids
Anatomical position - medial Toward the middle of the body/structure
Anatomical position - lateral Toward the outer sides of the body/structure
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