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Medical Microbiology
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Test Bank For Medical Microbiology 8th Edition By Patrick R.Murray, Ken S. Rosenthal, Michael A. Pfaller 9780323299565
Chapter 1-78 Complete Guide .
Major component of bacterial cell wall - ANSWER: peptidoglycan/murein consisting
of NAM and NAG
NAM and NAG are attached via what type of bond? - ANSWER: β- 1,4-glycosidic
linkage
Transglycosylation
The tetra-peptide in the bacterial cell wall attaches to what? what composes this
tetra-peptide? - ANSWER: Tetraeptide attached to NAM
its composed of Ala, E, Lys or DAP, A
what is Transpeptidation? - ANSWER: Overlying pentapeptides, made up of 5 glycine
bridges.
Mycoplasma has what cell covering? - ANSWER: No cell wall, but a outer-coat of
sterol
Two enzymes that target the NAM and NAG β-1,4-glycosidic linkage are? - ANSWER:
bacitracin, lysozyme
What are PBP in bacteria? - ANSWER: Penicillin binding proteins (PBP) are enzymes
that help to build bacterial cell wall and are the targets for beta-lactam antibiotics .
What type of activity do PBP have in bacteria? - ANSWER: transpeptidase or
transglycosylase activity
What are some defining characteristics of Gram negative bacteria? - ANSWER: Outer
membrane
LPS (Endotoxin)
Porins
Thin peptidoglycan layer located in periplasm(increased resistance to penicillin)
what is the difference between the type 3 and type 4 secretory system? - ANSWER:
T3SS identified in Gram-negative bacteria
Molecular syringe that can inject macromolecules into host cell
T4SS found in G -ve and +ve bacteria
Pathogenic bacteria inject macromolecules into host cells
Can transfer DNA between bacteria by conjugation
what is the structure of the LPS endotoxin and which bacteria has this? - ANSWER: 3
components: lipid A, core, O side chain
, and Gram negative bacteria
which part of the LPS is responsible for endotoxic shock? When is most of this
released? - ANSWER: Lipid A, released is large quantity when the bacteria dies.
The LPS core is made up of what? - ANSWER: Polysaccharide
describe the LPS-O polysaccharide portion - ANSWER: Varies from one bacterial
species to another
Antigenic (O antigen); induces production of Antibodies in the host
what part of the LPS protects bacteria from the bile is the gut and antibiotics? -
ANSWER: Mutants that do not make O Ag become sensitive to bile and antibiotics
Where is the periplasm in bacteria and what is made there? - ANSWER: Located
between Cytoplasmic Membrane and Outer Membrane
Site for enzymes (eg. lactamases, nucleases, proteases) and other proteins
Some have important role in transport, breakdown of nutrients and of antibiotics
what is the function of Lactamase? - ANSWER: Lactamase- bind to antibiotic so it
won't kill the bacterial cell
What are some clinical significants of Gram negative bacteria? - ANSWER: Strong
negative charge; evade phagocytosis and complement
Permeability barrier against lysozyme, bile salts, digestive enzymes, other
antibacterial agents
Endotoxic shock: during infection release of endotoxin can cause fever and shock
Less sensitive to some antibiotics: lactamase enzymes in the periplasmic space;
porins exclude large MW antibiotics
What are some clinical significants of the bacterial cell wall? - ANSWER: 1. Autolysin
2. Lysozyzme
3.Cell wall acting antibiotics
4. Persisters
5.Protoplasts
6. Spheroplasts
7. L forms
what is autolysin? - ANSWER: Autolysin- modulate the peptidoglycan layers for
bacterial growth and division
What is Lysozyme? - ANSWER: Found in tears, saliva, mucus, lysosomes
Disrupts beta 1,4 linkage of peptidoglycan
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