● What does “G__P__” mean in the context of L&D?
o G= number of pregnancies plus present one
o P= number of pregnancies that have reached 20 weeks or more
● What does “GTPAL(M)” mean?
o Gravidity
o Term births
o Preterm births
o Abortions
o Living children
o Multiple births
You will see these commonly on labor and delivery. Please define the following terms:
Abbreviation Term Definition & other info
EDC Estimated date of confinement Due date: date when the pregnant
EDD Estimated date of delivery woman is expected to give birth.
EGA Estimated gestational age how far along the prgenancy is
**How many weeks gestation is >37 weeks
considered a “full-term” pregnancy?
AP Antepartum before birth
AROM Artificial Rupture of Membranes rupturing the amniotic sac on purpose
SROM Spontaneous Rupture of Membranes water breaks on its own
**What does it mean when a
patient has meconium stained fluid? - first stool passed by the baby
PROM Premature rupture of membranes water is broken before labor
PPROM Preterm, premature of membranes water breaks before 37 weeks
AOL Augmentation of Labor speeds up labor using stimulation
IOL Induction of Labor stimulating uterus before to start labor
**What are commonly used
rev. 8/22
, methods of induction? - stripping the membranes,
breaking the water, giving
prostaglandin, giving oxytocin
to stimulate contractions
IPD Impending post dates pregnancy >42 weeks
TOLAC Trial of Labor after Cesarean planned attempt to vaginally deliver a
baby by a woman whose had a
previous C-section
VBAC Vaginal Birth After Cesarean Vaginal birth after having had a
cesarean birth
Basics of fetal monitoring:
Variability- beat- What are the definitions of each category below? What does each mean for
to-beat variation the baby?
in FHR. Indication
of fetal well-being Absent: No variations in the FHR
● Could be due to lack of oxygenation, fetal sleep cycles, fetal
tachycardia, prematurity, medications
Minimal: Less than 5 bpm in fluctuations
● Could be due to lack of oxygenation, fetal sleep cycles, fetal
tachycardia, prematurity, medications
Moderate: Considered the normal. FHR ranges from 6-25 bpm
● Indicates that the fetus can recover well from the interrupted oxygen
metabolic acidemia
Marked:variations greater that 25 bpm from the FHR baseline
● Could indicate an increased response to interrupted oxygen supply
Rate What is the normal fetal heart rate? 110-160
Accelerations and Define the following and provide potential causes:
rev. 8/22
, Decelerations
Variable deceleration:
- Abrupt, random
- Caused by cord compressions
Early Deceleration:
- Symmetrical and is associated with contractions. Normal.
Late Deceleration:
- lowing of the FHR after contraction and has a prolonged time before
returning to baseline
- Caused by uteroplacental insufficiency
Prolonged Deceleration:
- longer than 2 min, less than 10 min
What is the definition of an acceleration? What does this indicate?
- >32 weeks: 15 bpm above baseline lasting 15 seconds or more
- <32weeks: 10 bpm above baseline lasting 10 seconds or more
- Fetal movement, vaginal exams, urterine contractions, umbilical vein
compression, fetal scalp stimulation
● What devices can monitor the fetal heart rate? Name each device.
o Ultrasound
o Fetoscope
o Fetal scalp electrode
o Doppler
● Name devices used to assess contractions. What parameters are used to assess
contractions?
o TOCO
o IUPC
o External monitors
o Internal monitors
o Timing of contractions (duration and frequency) and strength.
● What do the following terms describe?
o Dilation:Opening of the cervix
o Effacement:Thinning of the cervix
o Station: A measurement of where the head of the baby is in relationship to the
ischial spine
rev. 8/22
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