Fibrocystic Breast Disease
•Non-malignant cysts: fluid-filled/solid
•Changes in size with menstrual cycle
•Estrogen and progesterone may play a role
•Tender (mastalgia), lumpy/nodular upon palpation
•Aspirate cysts for testing, cysts frequently reform.
Fibrocystic Breast Disease...
Fibrocystic Breast Disease
•Non-malignant cysts: fluid-filled/solid
•Changes in size with menstrual cycle
•Estrogen and progesterone may play a role
•Tender (mastalgia), lumpy/nodular upon palpation
•Aspirate cysts for testing, cysts frequently reform.
Fibrocystic Breast Disease Patient Teaching
Reassure patient that fibrocystic changes are common and benign and tend to
appear during the second or third decades of life
What would be considered "normal findings" on a breast examination?
•Symmetry
•Absent dimpling
•Absent Puckering
•Absent Retractions
•Absent Lesions
•Absent Lumps
•Absent Mastalgia (pain)
•Absent Thickening
•Absent Irritation
•Absent Redness
•Absent Skin flaking
•No discharge (other than breastmilk)
Clinical Breast Examination (CBE)
•Performed by a trained health-care professional
•Visualization and palpation during exam
•Important tool in the early detection of breast cancer
Breast Self-Awareness
•Can also assist in early detection
•Breast self-exam (BSE) same time each month: 7-9d after menstruation
, Breast Self-Examination Techniques
•Done in shower or in front of mirror, standing lying and sitting positions
•Use pads of fingers of index, middle and ring finger, move in an up and down
(vertical) pattern
•Use light, medium and firm pressure, from ribs below breast tissue to clavicle
•Visualize breast tissue in mirror for any changes in size, shape, contour,
dimpling, redness, scaliness.
What are some concerning symptoms that can be found during a breast
examination?
•New lump in the breast or underarm (armpit)
•Thickening or swelling of part of the breast
•Irritation or dimpling of breast skin
•Redness or flaky skin in the nipple area or the breast
•Pulling in of the nipple or pain in the nipple area
•Nipple discharge other than breast milk, including blood
•Any change in the size or the shape of the breast
•Pain in any area of the breast
What are some teachings of breast health in both men and women?
•Changes in lifestyle choices
•Moderate alcohol consumption is acceptable
•Weight maintenance
•Avoid smoking
•Optimal nutrition
•Physical activity.
Cancer Staging System
•Depends on size of the tumor (T)
•Number of lymph nodes involved (N)
•Whether the cancer has metastasized (M)
When is HIV testing done during prenatal period?
At FIRST prenatal visit and repeat testing in third trimester
What populations need STD counseling
Counseling should be done across the lifespan, but older adults are at greater
risk.
Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP)
•Large loop removes cervical tissue using a low-voltage electrical current
•Excision of a cone-shaped or cylindrical wedge from the uterine cervix
•Tissue is removed, not destroyed, available for evaluation
HPV Vaccine Information
•Gardasil: Effective in preventing HPV related cancers and genital warts
•Given between the ages of 9-26
Breast Cancer Risk Factors
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