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FINAL WEEK 8: EPIDEMIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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FINAL WEEK 8: EPIDEMIOLOGY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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FINAL WEEK 8: EPIDEMIOLOGYQUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
epidemiologys-
sans✔✔_______________ sissthesstudysofsthesdistributionsandsdeterminants sofshealth-
relatedsstatessorseventss(includingsdisease),sandsthesapplicationsofsthissstudystosthescontr
olsofsdiseasessandsothershealthsproblems
epis-sans✔✔upon
demoss-sans✔✔people
logoss-sans✔✔thought
Descriptivesepidemiologys-
sans✔✔§sOrspatternssofshealthseventssinspopulationssinsorderstoscharacterizeshealthsoutc
omessinstermssofswhat,swho,swhere,swhen,showsandswhy:sWhatsissthesoutcome?
sWhosissaffected?sWheresaresthey?sWhensdoseventssoccur?
sThissfocussisàsdescriptivesepidemiology
person,splace,stimes-
sans✔✔Descriptivesepidemiologyslookssats______,s_______,sands______
persons-
sans✔✔Descriptivesepidemiology:sosGender,sage,srace,seducation,soccupation,ssocioeco
nomicsstatus,smaritalsstatus
places-sans✔✔Descriptivesepidemiology:
osChemical,sphysical,sbiologicalsenvironmentsorspopulationsdensitiessorsbehavioral/
lifestyle
times-sans✔✔Descriptivesepidemiology:
osLongstermstrends,spointsepidemic,scyclicalspatterns,sevent-relatedsclusters
, analyticsepidemiologys-
sans✔✔§sReferencestosthesgoalsofsunderstandingsthesetiologys(orsoriginssandscausalsfacto
rs)sofsdisease;sthesbroadsconsiderationsofsmanyslevelssofspotentialsdeterminantssifscalledst
hesecologicalsapproach
§sSearchsfor
·sCausesandseffects
·sWhysandshow
·sEpidemiologistssusesanalyticsepidemiologystosquantifysthesassociationsbetweensexposur
essandsoutcomessandstostestshypothesessaboutscasualsrelationships
osObservationalsstudies,scohort,scasescontrol,scrossssectional
analytics-sans✔✔__________sepidemiologyslookssatsdescriptivescomparisons
descriptives-sans✔✔__________sepidemiologysshedsslightsonsdeterminants
hippocratess-
sans✔✔§sOnsairs,swaters,sandsplaces,ssuggestssenvironmentalsandshostsfactorsssuchsass
behaviorssmightsinfluencesthesdevelopmentsofsdisease
johnssnows-sans✔✔§sFathersofsEpidemiology,scholerasepidemic
FlorencesNightingales-
sans✔✔§sStatistician,ssocialsreformersandsfoundersofsmodernsnursing
§sImprovedsoutcomessforssoldiers
LilliansWalds-sans✔✔§sNewsYork,sTB
agent,shost,senvironments-
sans✔✔Whatsaresthesthreescomponentssofsthesepidemiologicalstriangle?
agents-
sans✔✔·sAgentsoriginallysreferredstosansinfectioussagent:sasvirus,sbacterium,sparasite,sors
othersmicrobe.sGenerally,sthesagentsmustsbespresentsforsdiseasestosoccur;showever,spres
encesofsthatsagentsalonesissnotsalwaysssufficientstoscausesdisease.s
·sAsvarietysofsfactorssinfluenceswhethersexposurestosansorganismswillsresultsinsdisease,sinc
ludingsthesorganism'sspathogenicitys(abilitystoscausesdisease)sandsdose.
·sOverstime,sthesconceptsofsagentshassbeensbroadenedstosincludeschemicalsandsphysicals
causessofsdiseasesorsinjury.
Environments-
sans✔✔·sEnvironmentsrefersstosextrinsicsfactorssthatsaffectsthesagentsandsthesopportunitys
forsexposure.
·sEnvironmentalsfactorssinclude:s
osPhysicalsfactors:sgeologysandsclimate,s
osPlantsandsanimalslife:sagents,sreservoirssorshabitats
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