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HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide with 100% Correct Answers

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HMX Immunology Final Exam Study Guide with 100% Correct Answers Tissue resident sentinel cells include (3 types) - Answer️️ -Dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast cells Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types) - Answer️️ - Monocytes and neutrophils Phagocytic immu...

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  • August 29, 2024
  • 21
  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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SophiaBennett
©SOPHIABENNET@2024-2025 Friday, August 23, 2024 10:49 AM




HMX Immunology Final Exam Study
Guide with 100% Correct Answers

Tissue resident sentinel cells include (3 types) - Answer✔️✔️-Dendritic cells,
macrophages, and mast cells

Circulating leukocytes involved in innate response (2 types) - Answer✔️✔️-
Monocytes and neutrophils

Phagocytic immune cells (2 types) - Answer✔️✔️-Macrophages and
neutrophils

Difference between macrophages and neutrophils? - Answer✔️✔️-
Neutrophils are short lived and will undergo apoptosis after eating a
microbe; macrophages are longer-lived and will eat apoptotic cells and
waste

General cytokine role in innate immune response (and what cells release
them?) - Answer✔️✔️-Released by dendritic cells, macrophages, and mast
cells. Pro-inflammatory molecules that interact with blood vessel
endothelium to recruit circulating leukocytes, fluid, and proteins into tissue

Which tissue-resident sentinel cell will release histamine upon activation? -
Answer✔️✔️-Mast cell

Cytokines promote up-regulation of what kind of molecule within blood
vessel walls? - Answer✔️✔️-Adhesion molecules



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, ©SOPHIABENNET@2024-2025 Friday, August 23, 2024 10:49 AM




E-Selectin - Answer✔️✔️-An adhesion molecule that helps to slow down
circulating leukocytes in innate immune response (low-affinity interaction)

E-Selectin Ligand - Answer✔️✔️-A ligand expressed by circulating
leukocytes that helps them stick to blood vessel endothelium in innate
immune response

ICAM-1 - Answer✔️✔️-An adhesion molecule that helps circulating
leukocytes bind to blood vessel endothelium in innate immune response
(high-affinity interaction)

Integrins (and the name of a specific one) - Answer✔️✔️-A class of adhesion
molecules expressed on circulating leukocytes; LFA-1 binds to ICAM-1 in a
high affinity interaction during the innate inflammatory response

Stable Arrest - Answer✔️✔️-When a circulating leukocyte comes to a stop
within the endothelium thanks to adhesion molecule interactions and can
enter the tissue

Pus - Answer✔️✔️-Comprised of fluid and apoptotic cells/waste as a result
of an inflammatory response (DNA, dead bacteria, apoptotic neutrophils)

Psoriasis overview - Answer✔️✔️-Autoimmune disease that can cause skin
plaques and arthritis; Skin plaques are caused by immune cells migrating
into the skin and initiating an inflammatory response

Psoriasis risk factors - Answer✔️✔️-History of strep infections, skin injury,
first degree relative with psoriasis



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, ©SOPHIABENNET@2024-2025 Friday, August 23, 2024 10:49 AM




TNF-alpha in psoriasis - Answer✔️✔️-A pro-inflammatory cytokine
expressed in psoriasis that recruits immune cells into the skin and also acts
directly on epithelial cells to produce thickened/raised patches

Psoriasis treatment (biologics) - Answer✔️✔️-Target the pro-inflammatory
cytokine TNF-alpha and therefore prevent the expression of adhesion
molecules on endothelial cells and prevent TNF-alpha from acting directly
on epithelial cells

Possible side effects of medications that block adhesion molecules -
Answer✔️✔️-Susceptibility to infection due to inhibiting leukocyte entry
into tissue

Most abundant leukocyte - Answer✔️✔️-Neutrophils

What kind of infections are neutrophils particularly effective against? -
Answer✔️✔️-Extracellular bacterial infections

Plasmacytoid dendritic cell - Answer✔️✔️-A type of sentinel cell that detects
viruses and releases type 1 interferons

Type 1 Interferons (Type 1 IFNs) function and the cell that is most efficient
at producing them - Answer✔️✔️-Group of cytokines that activate the
antiviral state during viral infection; Plasmacytoid dendritic cells

The Antiviral State - Answer✔️✔️-Protective state that cells enter in response
to Type I Interferons; proteins that can bind to viral double-stranded RNA
are produced, infected cells will die, RNAse activity is induced



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