BIOD 121 Module 4 |Questions with Verified Answers
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Course
BIOD 121
Institution
BIOD 121
Vitamins can be classified as either _____ __________ or _______ __________
fat soluble
water soluble
Fat soluble vitamins
dependent on dietary fat for absorption
characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins
-dependent on dietary fat
-stored in the body
-not easily excreted
BIOD 121 Module 4 |Questions with
Verified Answers
Vitamins can be classified as either _____ __________ or _______ __________
fat soluble
water soluble
Fat soluble vitamins
dependent on dietary fat for absorption
characteristic of fat-soluble vitamins
-dependent on dietary fat
-stored in the body
-not easily excreted
-toxic if consumed in excess
characteristic of water soluble vitamins
-easily dissolve in water
-easily absorbed into the bloodstream and excreted in the urine
-limited storage capacity in the body
-easily destroyed washing and cooking can leach from foods
-coenzyme
,-bioavailability
-Seldom reaches toxic levels
Where are fat soluble vitamins stored?
liver and adipose tissue
What are the fat soluble vitamins?
Vitamins A, D, E, K
As they are not easily excreted after storage, excess consumption over time could lead to
________ levels in the body.
toxic
which vitamins have the highest likelihood of becoming toxic?
vitamin A (animal-derived sources only) and vitamin D
what factors can interfere with fat absorption and lead to a deficiency of fat-
soluble vitamins?
certain diseases, weight loss medications, and laxatives
vitamin A forms
forms:
(1) preformed vitamin A (retinol or retinal), which comes from animal sources,
(2) provitamin A carotenoids, which come from plants and are considered precursors
preformed vitamin A
Retinoids
sources of preformed vitamin A
fortified milk, cheese, cream, butter, eggs, liver
preformed vitamin A (retinal) functions
vision, immunity, growth/development, disease prevention
Levels above 3000 micrograms of preformed vitamin A can lead to toxicity resulting in?
increased hip fracture, liver toxicity, and fetal malformations in pregnant women
provitamin vitamin A
,carotenoids (beta carotene)
sources of provitamin A
dark green leafy veggies:
-spinach & kale
yellow and orange fruits and vegetables:
-apricots, cantaloupe, carrots, sweet potatoes, pumpkins
high intake of provitamin A carotenoids do not cause toxic effects. however, one side effect
yellowing of the palms of the hands or soles of the feet if a large amount of orange and
yellow vegetables consumed
will resolve when carotenoid levels decline.
What is found in yellow, orange, and red vegetables, and many are antioxidants?
provitamin A carotenoids (beta carotene)
Antioxidants
stop the reactive substances (oxidants) from potentially causing damage to cells.
Vitamin A functions
-Vision
-external skin health
-health of the epithelial cells that line the GI tract
-growth
-development
-reproduction
-Disease prevention
Lack of which vitamin leads to stunted growth in children and an inability to reproduce
in adults?
vitamin A
What do the epithelial layer of cells act as?
, barriers to bacteria and provide immunity from infection
a form of vitamin A, helps the eye adjust from bright to dim light
retinal
what is an early indicator of a vitamin A deficiency?
the eye losing the ability to adjust to light, a condition called night blindness
what happens if the condition called night blindness progresses?
-eye loses the ability to make mucus and keep the eye moist.
-abnormal dryness due to vitamin A deficiency is called xeropthalmia.
Xeropthalmia
progressive hardening of the cornea of the eye in advanced vitamin A deficiency that can
lead to blindness
what is the leading cause of vision loss?
macular degeneration
consumption of _______ and ___________high in _____________ may also aid in the
treatment of macular degeneration
fruits
vegetables
carotenoids
What may be prevented with a good intake of vitamin A, especially the carotenoids?
cancer and cardiovascular disease
Do foods containing vitamin A or vitamin A supplements provide more benefit?
foods containing vitamin A
Vitamin D forms
two forms:
ergocalciferol (D2), which is a synthetic product used in supplements
cholecalciferol (D3) the form made by the human body
why is vitamin D unique?
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