Functions: Renal System Answer: -Filters plasma
-Regulates blood volume and blood pressure: conserving and excretion of water
-Secretes renin: Triggers RAAS system to increase blood pressure: vasoconstriction and retention of Na+ and water with release of aldosterone, triggers ADH
-Secre...
Question And Solution Paper NUR426: Exam
2 2024/2025
Functions: Renal System Answer: -Filters plasma
-Regulates blood volume and blood pressure: conserving and excretion of water
-Secretes renin: Triggers RAAS system to increase blood pressure: vasoconstriction and retention of Na+
and water with release of aldosterone, triggers ADH
-Secretes erythropoietin: stimulates RBC production
-Acid-base balance regulation: Reabsorption of HCO3- and secretion of H+ ions
-Synthesis of calcitriol (activated form of VD): conserves dietary calcium and reduces calcitonin levels
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) Answer: Hypoperfusion triggers the release of renin
from the kidneys-->angiotensin II-->aldosterone secretion:
-vasoconstriction
-Na+ and water retention
-ADH
HELPS TO RAISE BP
Onset: Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) Answer: Sudden
Most Common Cause: AKI Answer: Acute Tubular Necrosis
Diagnostic Criteria: AKI Answer: -acute decrease in urine output
-elevated serum creatinine
,Most Common Cause of Death: AKI Answer: Infection
Intra-Renal Causes: AKI Answer: INTERSTITIAL NEPHRITIS
-Allergies:
--Sulfonamides
--Rifampin
--NSAIDs
--ACE inhibitors
--ABX
-Infections:
--acute bacterial: pyelonephritis
, --viral: epstein barr virus
--fungal: candidiasis
NEPHROTOXIC INJURY
-Chemical exposure:
--carbon tetrachloride
--lead
--arsenic
--ethylene glycol
-contrast media
-Drugs:
--aminoglycosides (Gentamicin, Amikacin)
--amphotericin B
-hemolytic blood transfusion reaction
-severe crush injuries
Intra-Renal causes of AKI: Interstitial Nephritis Answer: ALLERGIES:
-sulfonamides
-rifampin
-NSAIDs
-ACE inhibitors
-antibiotics
INFECTIONS:
-bacterial- pyelonephritis
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