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EPPP- DIAGNOSIS AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY EXAM NEW UPDATE 2024 |QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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EPPP- DIAGNOSIS AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGY EXAM NEW UPDATE 2024 |QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS
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EPPP- DIAGNOSIS AND PSYCHOPATHOLOGYEXAM NEW UPDATE 2024 |QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
A cigarette smoker decides to quit "cold turkey." Her withdrawal symptoms
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will most likely include which of the following? ...ANSWER...
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Irritability, impaired concentration, insomnia
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According to DSM-5, heritability for major depressive disorder is about
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____% and a major portion of the genetic contribution is accounted for by
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the personality trait __________. ...ANSWER... The DSM-5 states that
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heritability for major depressive disorder "is approximately 40%, and the
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personality trait neuroticism accounts for a substantial portion of this
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genetic liability"
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According to the DSM-5, _____ of women experience a major depressive
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episode during pregnancy or during the weeks or months after delivery and,
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of these episodes, about _____ begin before delivery. ...ANSWER...
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Estimates of postpartum depression (major depressive disorder with
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peripartum onset in the DSM-5) vary somewhat. However, this question is
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asking specifically about estimates provided in the DSM-5, which states
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that "between 3% and 6% of women will experience the onset of a major
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depressive episode during pregnancy or in the weeks or months following
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delivery ... [with 50% of episodes beginning] prior to delivery"
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According to the DSM-5, the median age of onset of specific phobia is
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between _____ years of age. ...ANSWER... 7-11
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According to the DSM-5, what percentage of women experience depressive
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symptoms after childbirth that are sufficiently severe enough to meet
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criteria for MDD?
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,What percentage do other sources cite (e.g., English et al., 2018)?
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...ANSWER... DSM: 3-6%
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English et al: 10-20% v v v
Acute Stress Disorder ...ANSWER... similar to PTSD but symptoms last
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from 3 days to 1 month
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ADHD - Course/Prognosis ...ANSWER... Course/Prognosis: ~15% of
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children continue to meet criteria as adults and 60% have symptoms
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in adulthood that do not meet full criteria but impact their lives; symptoms
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vmay vary v
over lifespan—children are most likely to have problems with hyperactivity,
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but inattention
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is most prominent symptoms for adults
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ADHD - Diagnosis ...ANSWER... Diagnosis: pattern of inattention and/or
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hyperactivity-impulsivity that has lasted for at least 6 months, had an onset
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before 12 years of age, is apparent in at least 2 settings, and impairs social,
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academic, or occupational functioning
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Subtypes: (1) predominantly inattentive, (2) predominantly
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hyperactive/impulsive, (3)
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combined presentation v
ADHD - etiology ...ANSWER... Etiology: focus on biological factors;
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abnormalities in prefrontal cortex (which mediates higher-
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order cognitive functions), the cerebellum (which coordinates motor
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activity), and caudate
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,nucleus and putamen (which are part of the basal ganglia and involved in
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control of movement); higher rates among biological relatives with the
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degree of risk for developing ADHD increasing with the degree of kinship
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(evidence for genetic contribution) More likely to have difficulty paying
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attention in dull, repetitive, familiar, highly structured situations.
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Behavioral disinhibition hypothesis predicts that the essential characteristic
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of ADHD is an inability to adjust activity levels to the requirements of the
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situation
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ADHD - Prevalence ...ANSWER... Prevalence: 5% for children and 2.5%
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for adults in most cultures; male to female gender ration
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is 2:1 for children and 1.6:1 for adults
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ADHD treatment ...ANSWER... Treatment: combination of medication
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and behavioral interventions; methylphenidate (Ritalin) and other
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stimulants help with hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention for 80% of
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individuals; behavioral interventions address co-existing problems and are
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most effective when combined with medication and include child-focused
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interventions, parent training,
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and school-based interventions.
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Medication alone and the combined medication/behavioral modification
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treatments
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produced a similar reduction in the core symptoms of ADHD and were
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more effective than behavioral modification alone; however, a 3 and 8 year
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follow-up found that these benefits did not last long-term, and the
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medication alone and combination treatment kids were no better off than
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children who received behavioral modification alone or just community
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care in the long run
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adjustment disorder ...ANSWER... development of emotional or
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behavioral symptoms in response to psychosocial stressors within 3 months
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, vof the onset of stressor; once stressor or its consequences have ended,
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vsymptoms must remit within 6 monthsv v v v v
Agoraphobia ...ANSWER... fear/anxiety about at least 2 out of 5
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situations (public transportation, open spaces, enclosed spaces, standing in
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line or being in a crowd, being outside the home alone); person avoids these
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situations due to fear that escape might be difficult or help will not be
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available, or develops panic-like, incapacitating, or embarrassing
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symptoms; fear is not proportional to the danger; usually at least 6 months,
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causes significant impairment or distress
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Agoraphobia differential diagnosis ...ANSWER... distinguish it from
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Specific Phobia and Social Anxiety (specific phobia occurs when person
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fears only one situation and is more related to the situation itself rather
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than embarrassing symptoms—e.g., fear of being killed in a plane crash;
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vsocial anxiety is when the person fears being negatively evaluated by others
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vand is usually calm when left alone, which is not true for agoraphobics)
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Agoraphobia etiology ...ANSWER... genetic and environmental factors;
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associated with family climate characterized by low warmth, high
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demandingness, and overprotectiveness
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Agoraphobia treatment ...ANSWER... In vivo exposure with response
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prevention
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Anorexia Nervosa ...ANSWER... restriction of energy intake causing
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significantly low body weight, intense fear of gaining weight or persistent
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behavior that prevents weight gain, disturbance in experience of one's body
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weight/shape, and lack of recognition of seriousness of low body weight
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Specifiers are restricting type and binge-eating/purging type
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