BSC 108 Exam 4 Alabama-Yates Exam Questions &
Answers-2024 Update.
Darwin's publication - ANS On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection
-evolve
-natural selection
Darwin's ship - ANS HMS Beagle
The islands where Darwin observed finches and giant tortoises are the __________
Islands. - ANS Galapagos
basic idea of natural selection - ANS organisms can change over generations and
individuals with certain heritable traits leave more offspring than others
result of natural selection - ANS evolutionary adaptation
Darwin's observations of natural selection - ANS overproduction
individual variation
Unequal reproductive success - ANS individuals with heritable traits best suited to the
environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than less well-suited individuals
homologous structures - ANS Structures in different species that are similar because of
common ancestry.
ex) tails, arms/wings
biogeography - ANS Study of past and present distribution of organisms
comparative anatomy - ANS The comparison of body structures and how they vary
among species
comparative embryology - ANS the study of the similarities and differences in the
embryos of different species
fossil - ANS A trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock
Where are fossils found? - ANS where sedimentary rocks of the right age are exposed,
such as river valleys, cliffs and hillsides, and human-made exposures such as quarries
and road cuttings
What type of scientist studies fossils? - ANS Paleontologist
3 examples of natural selection - ANS pesticide resistance in insects
development of antibiotic-resistant bacteria
, drug resistant strains of HIV
mutation - ANS A change in a gene or chromosome.
sexual recombination - ANS Crossing over and shuffling of genes during meiosis.
directional selection - ANS occurs when natural selection favors one of the extreme
variations of a trait
directional selection phenotypic graph - ANS
disruptive selection - ANS favors individuals at both extremes of the phenotypic range
disruptive selection graph - ANS
Microevolution - ANS Change in allele frequencies in a population over generations.
Macroevolution - ANS Evolutionary change above the species level.
species - ANS A group of similar organisms that can breed and produce fertile offspring.
allopatric speciation - ANS The formation of new species in populations that are
geographically isolated from one another.
sympatric speciation - ANS The formation of new species in populations that live in the
same geographic area
What special circumstances are required to keep the gene pools separated in sympatric
speciation? - ANS 1) segregation of habitat
2) major alterations in mate recognition or behavior
3) genetic incompatibility
Pace of Speciation: Punctuated Equilibrium - ANS proposed by Eldridge and Gould
species diverge in spurts of rapid change
fossils show record that most drastic changes in appearance of the time that new
species branch from parent
Pace of Speciation: Gradualism - ANS envisioned by Darwin
slow, steady accumulation of small changes leads to production of species over time
fossil records show forms and change from ancestral to descendant species
prezygotic barriers - ANS temporal: skunks mating at different times
habitat: garter snakes (water and land)
behavioral: boobies mating dance
mechanical: snails shell shape
Gametic: sea urchins sperm and eggs protein
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