NR 565 - ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY
MIDTERM - CHAMBERLAIN UNI NEWLY
UPDATED EXAM 2024 |QUESTIONS AND
ANSWERS
During what trimester is a pregnant woman most at risk for
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adverse drug reactions with potential long term
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consequences?
V ANS: 1st trimester (fetus most at VVVVVVVVVV VVV V V V V
risk d/t rapid growth)
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What is BEERS criteria?
V V ANS: Recommendations V VVVVVVVVVV VVV
of medications inappropriate for elderly (65 and older),
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prescriber ultimately decides
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What is the CYP450 (cytochrome P450)
V V V ANS: liver V V VVVVVVVVVV VVV
enzyme system where medications are metabolized, can
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either be inducers or inhibitors and create drug-drug
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interactions
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CYP450 inducers ANS: Speed up metabolism of
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drugs (drug is cleared faster), drug has lesser effect
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(decrease blood levels of drug), elevate CYP450 enzymes
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,CYP450 inducers pneumonic
V V VVVVVVVVVV ANS: "Bullshit Crap VVV V
GPS INDUCES rage"
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CYP450 inducer drug names
V ANS: Barbituates, St
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John wort, Carbamazepine, rifampin, alcohol, phenytoin,
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griseofulvin, phenobarbital, sulfonylureas
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CYP450 inhibitors
V ANS: inhibit metabolism, VVVVVVVVVV VVV V
increase blood levels of medications
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CYP450 pneumonic
V ANS: "VISA credit card debt VVVVVVVVVV VVV V V V
INHIBITS spending on designers like CK to look GQ"
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CYP450 inhibitors drug names
V ANS: Valproate,
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isoniazid, sulfonamides, amiodarone, chloramphenicol,
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ketoconazole, grapefruit juice, quinidine
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Physiological changes during pregnancy that impact
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pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties of
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drugs?
V ANS: increase glomerular filtration rate
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leads to increase durg excretion
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increase hepatic metabolism
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decrease tone and motility of bowel
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increase drug absorption
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,Examples of medications that can be teratogenic
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ANS: Antiepileptic drugs, antimicrobials such as
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tetracyclines and fluoroquinolones, vitamin A in large
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doses, some anticoagulants, and hormonal medications
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such as diethylstilbestrol (DES).
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How is absorption of intramuscular medications different
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in neonates?
V V ANS: slow and erratic due to low VVVVVVVVVV VVV V V V V V
blood flow in muscles first few days of life
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Why is absorption of medication in the stomach increased
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in infancy?
V V ANS: delayed gastric emptying
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Some medications that should be avoided in the pediatric
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patient?
V ANS: glucocorticoids, discoloration of
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developing teeth with tetracyclines, and kernicterus with
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sulfonamides, levofloxacin (antibiotics)
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aspirin (Severe intoxication from acute overdose)
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what should be included in medication administration
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patient education?
V ANS: dosage size and timing
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route and technique of administration
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duration of treatment V V
drug storage
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, nature and time course of desired responses
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nature and time course of adverse responses
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finish taking antibiotic
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What are some things that put the elderly patient at higher
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risk for adverse drug reactions?
V V V ANS: reduced renal V V VVVVVVVVVV VVV V
function
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polypharmacy (the use of five or more medications daily) V V V V V V V V
greater severity of illness
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presence of comorbidities V V
use of drugs that have a low therapeutic index (e.g.,
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digoxin)
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increased individual variation secondary to altered
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Vpharmacokinetics
inadequate supervision of long-term therapy
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poor patient adherence
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How can healthcare providers decrease likelihood of an
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elderly patient experiencing an adverse drug reaction?
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ANS: obtaining a thorough drug history that includes
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over-the-counter medications
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considering pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics
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changes due to age
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