HMX Physiology Questions With Correct Solutions, Already Passed!!
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Course
HMX Physiology
Institution
HMX Physiology
bicarbonate - HCO2, byproduct of body's metabolism. Blood brings to lungs and then it's exhaled
as CO2. Kidneys help regulate
albumin - family of globular proteins. main protein of human blood. water-soluble. binds water,
cations, fatty acids, hormones, etc. negative oncotic pressure of blood
a...
HMX-Pharmacology
bladder - All filtrated by nephrons will be transported through the collecting duct into the renal
pelvis, draining filtrate out of the kidney into the ureter. Next, the filtrate enter the _________ and is
removed from the body
Acetaminophen (Tylenol) - binds to molecular target in the central nervous system and changes
the way the body senses pain
% molecular response vs concentration - Gradual increase which moves into a due plateau
Receptor occupancy is used to determine molecular response
Taken in a lab setting
This Is called a dose-response curve (DRC)
%Physiological response or % people responding vs dose of drug administered - In a clinical
setting
Gradual increase which moves into a due plateau
This called a drc: linear seal
%Physiological response or % people responding vs dose of drug administered - Plotted on a x log
scale
Can also show concentration of drug at molecular target vs molecular response
x=dose
Semi log plot
In a clinical setting
Curve is more compared and in sigmoidal shape
A range of dose
100% - If administrated intravenously, bioavailability is ___
,1800 - Diabetes=A child was expected to live only past a year after diagnosis
Symptoms found:
Weakness
Excessive urination
Sweet tasting urine
Constant thirst
38L - An adult male has 3L of plasma and ___ of other compartments (inerstitial, intracellular,
transcellular, fat)
38L - Other body compartment including bone, muscle and fat with ____
3L - An adult male has __ of plasma and 38L of other compartments (inerstitial, intracellular,
transcellular, fat)
41L - If Vd is higher than the total ____ body water volume in an average man, Vd is considerably
high
5L - Vascular includes the blood, with a ___
70 kg - The model for pharmacokinetics is male weighing _____
Absorption - as a drug is taken orally and flows through the esaphagus and into the GIT
(gestational tract)
Absorption - The flow of a drug from its site of administration to the bloodstream
Absorption - the movement of drug from the site of administration to the bloodstream
,Absorption - the movement of the site of administration to the bloodstream
Affinity - measure of the strength of drug-receptor bind and is indicated by the equilibrium
dissociation constant, or Kd
age, genetics, weight, sex, health status, and pregnancy - Factors which lead to pharmacokinetic
or pharmodynmics changes between individuals or in an individual over time include
_________________
agonist, antagonist - A drug or endogenous ligand can act act as _______ or an ___________ at a
receptors
Allogenic - T cell are created by patients own cell but engineered to help with any possible disease
presented in the body
anaphylactic shock - Immunological reaction can be immediate, patient goes into _____
Anesthesia - Induction of an awake to unconscious state
Antagonist - Stagnant or straight line
Does Not increase of decrease downward signal(molecular response)
antagonist - zero efficacy
Area under curve (AUC) - On graph, show the total exposure of drug to the body
, Basal - Submaximal
Stagnant or straight line
binding curve - Gradual increase which moves into a plateau due to maximum occupancy
Bioavailability - A large fraction of drug in the system circulation which create a high percentage
Bioavailability - Plasma drug/drug given
bioavailable - the amount of drug that is available in the systemic circulation
Biologics - Biological molecules = _________
Biologics - From natural sources
Growing group of drug modalities
Are less than 20% of the drugs on the market
Larger due to being complex structures
Biologics - Includes vaccines, proteins, antibodies, probiotics, and gene- and cell-based therapies
biotransformation - Through __________, drugs are metabolized into metabolites
blood vessel - If a drug is taken under the tongue, it is moved directly into the _____________ to
bypass the G1 tract. Drugs like nitroglycerin take this path
Blood- brain barriers - are is protection outside the brain have endothelial cell tight pactly
together
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