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Essentials of echocardiography Questions with Correct Answers
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Essentials of echocardiography Questions with Correct Answers
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Essentials of echocardiography Questions withCorrect Answers
Echocardiography Correct Answer-Echo is the gold standard for non-
invasive assessment of cardiac structure and function in veterinary
medicine
Echocardiographic windows Correct Answer-⊛ Right parasternal
window
- transducer placed on the right side of the thorax
⊛ Left parasternal window
*Easier to visualise heart through dependent lung as it's deflated
RPS short axis views Correct Answer-⊛ Probe should be kept at the
same spot. (different to abdominal u/s)
⊛ The probe can be twisted and angles adjusted to allow visualisation of
different planes
2-D RPS short axis views Correct Answer-RPS short axis views:
transducer placed on the right side of the thorax at the position shown by
blue circle.
Because the transducer is actually placed a little bit cranial to the heart,
it has to be pointed i.e. angled caudally to hit the heart.
,The transducer must be twisted so that the scan plane (slice) is
perpendicular to the axis of the heart (shown as a heavy dotted line). The
transducer is twisted until the scan plane marker points to about 2-3
o'clock position
You can rock the transducer, pointing dorsally (towards heart base) to
obtain views of aorta, left atrium, and ventrally (towards heart apex) to
view more ventral structures (left ventricles, cardiac apex)
A: Left atrium
B: mitral valves (fishmouth)
C: LV chamber (mushroom)
RPS short axis LV Correct Answer-Papillary muscles seen
Looks like a mushroom
Short axis LV on RPS annotated Correct Answer-LVFW = Left
Ventricular Free Wall
Canine LV in health and disease Correct Answer-On the left: DCM =
wall is extremely thin with decreased contractile function
, On the right: significant mitral regurgitation = hyperdynamic -->
contracting down to much smaller dimension
Feline LV in health and disease Correct Answer-On the left: end stage of
HCM can look like DCM in a cat
On the right: LVFW very thick and cavity is small. Good hyperdynamic
activity
- Primary (HCM) or secondary (to high blood pressure, systemic
hypertension, hyperT)
RPS short axis view mitral valve Correct Answer-Fish mouth view
Short axis mitral valve Correct Answer-
Mitral valve abnormals Correct Answer-On the right: abnormal -->
mitral valve leaflets are thick
On the left: normal
Short axis left atrium: aorta Correct Answer-⊛ Good view for heart base
masses (chemodectoma) which is usually located between aorta and
MPA
⊛ Can look for heart worms in the MPA
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