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NURS 401- Final Exam Questions and Correct Answers
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NURS 401- Final Exam Questions and Correct Answers
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NURS 401- Final Exam Questions and CorrectAnswers
cardiac catheterization
✓ ~~~ most definitive and most invasive test- includes studies of the right and left side
of the heart and the coronary arteries
indication for cardiac cath
✓ ~~~ confirm suspected heart disease, determine location and extent of disease,
determine best therapeutic option, evaluate effects of treatment
patient prep for cardiac cath
✓ ~~~ assess anxiety and fear, hydration pre and post helps minimize contrast induce
renal toxicity, assess iodine allergy, supine position
post cardiac cath care
✓ ~~~ o bedrest (2-6hr) and keep insertion site extremity straight, VS q15min for 1hr
then q30min for 2hr then q4hr, assess insertion site for bleeding or hematoma,
peripheral pulses, IV fluids
S/S of cardiac ischemic (post cardiac cath)
✓ ~~~ chest pain, dysrhythmias, bleeding, hematoma formation, or dramatic change in
peripheral pulses = call the rapid response team, remain with patient, perform 12
lead ECG
hematoma post cardiac cath
✓ ~~~ hold steady, firm pressure to the access site and call the rapid response team
,stroke post cardiac cath
✓ ~~~ neuro changes- visual disturbances, slurred speech, swallowing difficulties, and
extremity weakness
cardiac cath complications
✓ ~~~ MI, stroke, arterial bleeding, thromboembolism, lethal dysrhythmias, arterial
dissection, death
goal of hemodynamic monitoring
✓ ~~~ maintain adequate tissue perfusion
hemodynamic monitoring
✓ ~~~ pulmonary artery catheter- inflate balloon, pressure reading when the artery is
blocked, do not forget to deflate balloon; measures information on the LV
invasive hemodynamics
✓ ~~~ provides quantitative information about vascular capacity, BV, pump
effectiveness, and tissue perfusion
diastole
✓ ~~~ amount of pressure/force against the arterial walls during relaxation phase of
the heart
systole
✓ ~~~ amount of pressure/force generated by the LV to distribute blood into the aorta
with each contraction of the heart
,flow of blood through heart
✓ ~~~ Inferior and superior vena cava, right atrium, tricuspid valve, pulmonary artery,
lungs, pulmonary veins, left atrium, mitral valve, left ventricle, aorta
heart valves
✓ ~~~ prevent back flow of blood- tricuspid, pulmonic, bicuspid, aortic
MI in females
✓ ~~~ less likely to experience chest pain, discomfort or indigestion, chronic fatigue,
inability to catch their breath
normal CV findings
✓ ~~~ S1 and S2
abnormal CV findings
✓ ~~~ poor cardiac output and decreased cerebral perfusion may cause confusion,
memory loss, and slowed verbal responses- cyanosis, pallor, clubbing, hypertension,
postural hypotension, JVD, bruits
S/S of chronic HF
✓ ~~~ malnourished, thin, cachectic
S/S of late severe right sided HF
✓ ~~~ ascites, jaundice, generalized edema
P wave
, ✓ ~~~ atrial depolarization
QRS complex
✓ ~~~ ventricular depolarization
T wave
✓ ~~~ ventricular repolarization
U wave
✓ ~~~ if present, slow depolarization of purkinjie fibers
PR interval
✓ ~~~ 0.12-0.2
ST segment
✓ ~~~ early ventricular repolarization
QRS duration
✓ ~~~ 0.04-0.12
normal sinus rhythm
✓ ~~~ rate 60-100, regular, P waves present and consistent, normal PR interval and
QRS duration
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