USMLE FIRST-AID High Yield Exam review already verified
Abdominal pain, ascites, and hepatomegaly - ✔✔Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous
thrombosis)
-Absence of JVD
Abdominal pain, diarrhea, leukocytosis, recent antibiotic use - ✔✔Clostridium difficile infection
Achilles tendon xanthoma - ✔✔Familial hypercholesterolemia (decreased LDL receptor signaling)
Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC - ✔✔Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (menengococcemia)
Anaphylaxis following blood transfusion - ✔✔IgA deficiency
Anterior "drawer sign" ⊕ - ✔✔Anterior cruciate ligament injury
Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints - ✔✔Marfan syndrome (fibrillin
defect)
Athlete with polycythemia - ✔✔2° to erythropoietin injection
Back pain, fever, night sweats - ✔✔Pott disease (vertebral TB)
Bilateral acoustic schwannomas - ✔✔Neurofibromatosis type 2
Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis - ✔✔Sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas)
,Black eschar on face of patient with diabetic ketoacidosis - ✔✔Mucor or Rhizopus fungal infection
Blue sclera, brittle bones - ✔✔Osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect)
Bluish line on gingiva - ✔✔Burton line (lead poisoning)
Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis - ✔✔Paget disease of bone (osteoblastic and osteoclastic
activity)
Bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing - ✔✔Aortic regurgitation
"Butterfly" facial rash and Raynaud phenomenon in a young female - ✔✔Systemic lupus erythematosus
-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), cutaneous neurofibromas, pheochromocytomas,
optic gliomas - ✔✔Neurofibromatosis type I, pheochromocytoma, optic gliomas
-au-lait spots (unilateral), polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine
abnormalities - ✔✔McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation)
Calf pseudohypertrophy - ✔✔Muscular dystrophy (most commonly Duchenne, due to X-linked
recessive frameshift mutation of dystrophin gene)
Child with cervical lymphadenopathy, desquamating rash, coronary aneurysms, red conjunctivae and
tongue - ✔✔Kawasaki disease (treat with IVIG and aspirin)
,"Cherry-red spots" on macula - ✔✔Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick
(sphingomyelin accumulation), central retinal artery occlusion
Chest pain on exertion - ✔✔Angina (stable: with moderate exertion; unstable: with minimal exertion or
at rest)
Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI - ✔✔Dressler syndrome
(autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 2-12 weeks after acute episode
Chest pain with ST depressions on EKG - ✔✔Unstable angina (troponins −) or NSTEMI (troponins +)
Child uses arms to stand up from squat - ✔✔Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy)
Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body - ✔✔"Slapped cheeks" (erythema
infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19)
Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration - ✔✔Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat
expansion)
Chorioretinitis, hydrocephalus, intracranial calcifications - ✔✔Congenital toxoplasmosis
Chronic exercise intolerance with myalgia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria - ✔✔McArdle disease
(skeletal muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency)
Cold intolerance - ✔✔Hypothyroidism
Conjugate horizontal gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia - ✔✔Internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to
MLF; may be unilateral or bilateral)
, Continuous "machine-like" heart murmur - ✔✔PDA (close with indomethacin; open or maintain with
PGE analogs)
Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition - ✔✔Myxedema (caused by
hypothyroidism, Graves disease [pretibial])
Cutaneous flushing, diarrhea, bronchospasm - ✔✔Carcinoid syndrome (right-sided cardiac valvular
lesions, 5-HIAA)
Dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a patient with AIDS - ✔✔Kaposi sarcoma, associated with HHV-8
Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation - ✔✔Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis)
Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea - ✔✔Pellagra (niacin [vitamin B3] deficiency)
Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition - ✔✔Wet beriberi (thiamine [vitamin B1]
deficiency)
Dog or cat bite resulting in infection - ✔✔Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site)
Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis - ✔✔ gren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands)
Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia - ✔✔Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may
progress to esophageal squamous cell carcinoma)
