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LCDC EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (100% PASS)
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LCDC EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (100% PASS)
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©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Sunday, August 4, 2024 12:41 AMWEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- (WV) : 26506
LCDC EXAM STUDY QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS (100% PASS)
Two main types of cells in the nervous system - ✔️✔️glia and neurons
Glia - ✔️✔️Cells that out number neurons, cannot process information like neurons, make
up the blood brain barrier that protects the brain from toxic chemicals in the blood
Nervous system - ✔️✔️Consists of neurons, axons and receptors
Receptors - ✔️✔️Proteins that help regulate activity of cells in the nervous system.
Activation of receptors by neurotransmitters cause a change in activity of the target cell
and many of the effects of psychoactive drugs are due to the ability to alter
neurotransmitters.
Neurons - ✔️✔️basic structural unit of the nervous system responsible for analyzing and
transmitting information. There are more than 100 billion neurons in the nervous system
Synapse - ✔️✔️Typical point of communication, gap between neurons is called the
synaptic cleft.
Two types of synapses - ✔️✔️Excitatory and inhibitory synapse. The receiving region is
called the dendrite
Effects on receptors - ✔️✔️Can be agonistic or antagonistic
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,©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Sunday, August 4, 2024 12:41 AM
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- (WV) : 26506
Agonistic drugst - ✔️✔️interact with the receptor and produce a response, agonist (a
substance that fully activates the neuronal receptor that it attaches to) Imitates the
action of neurotransmitter, is the use of a (usually) long-acting medication that
stimulates the same brain receptors as the drug of addiction. The most obvious
example is opioid agonist therapy for opioid addiction using methadone or
buprenorphine. An agonist is a drug that activates certain receptors in the brain. Full
agonist opioids activate the opioid receptors in the brain fully resulting in the full opioid
effect. Examples of full agonists are heroin, oxycodone, methadone, hydrocodone,
morphine, opium and others. Buprenorphine is a partial agonist meaning, it activates the
opioid receptors in the brain, but to a much lesser degree than a full agonist. A pure
opioid antagonist used in medicine is naloxone (not to be confused with naltrexone).
Antagonisitic - ✔️✔️Drugs interact with the receptor but prevent a response, agonist
drugs which bind to the neurotransmitters in the brain, antagonist drugs do the opposite:
they block the brain's neurotransmitters. The action of neurotransmitter is obstructed.
Buprenorphine also acts as an antagonist, meaning it blocks other opioids, while
allowing for some opioid effect of its own to suppress withdrawal symptoms and
cravings.
Agonist-antagonist opioids - ✔️✔️In pharmacology the term agonist-antagonist is used to
refer to a drug which exhibits some properties of an agonist (a substance that fully
activates the neuronal receptor that it attaches to) and some properties of an antagonist
(a substance that attaches to a receptor but does not activate it or if it displaces an
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,©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Sunday, August 4, 2024 12:41 AM
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- (WV) : 26506
agonist at that receptor it seemingly deactivates it thereby reversing the effect of the
agonist).
Agonist-antagonist opioids[edit]
The best known agonist-antagonists are opioids. Examples of such opioids are:
buprenorphine[1] (Suboxone, Subutex)
pentazocine
butorphanol
nalbuphine
Naloxone (Narcan) - ✔️✔️opioid antagonists that is a short acting drug which will bring a
patient out of an opiate overdose by stripping the opiate from the opiate receptor and is
a life saving drug.
Naltrexone, - ✔️✔️opioid antagonists that is a short acting opiate/alcohol blocking agent
has been used for the last 30 years. Naltrexone blocks the pharmacological effects of
25 mg / in the introduction of heroin for 24 hours, a double dose (100 mg) acts within 48
hours, and 150 mg will affect during for 3 days. Long-term appointment does not cause
tolerance and dependence. To cut the long story short, when comparing Naltrexone vs
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, ©PREP4EXAMS@2024 [REAL-EXAM-DUMPS] Sunday, August 4, 2024 12:41 AM
WEST VIRGINIA UNIVERSIRTY- (WV) : 26506
Naloxone it is obvious that Naltrexone is stronger for alcohol dependence but Naloxone
acts faster and remains longer.
Acetylcholine (ACH), epinephrine, dopamine, serotonin and endorphins -
✔️✔️Neurotransmitters most likely altered by drug abuse
Somatic Nervous System - ✔️✔️Carries sensory information from outside the body into
the CNS and motor information out.
Automatic nervous system (ANS) - ✔️✔️cell bodies are located within the brain or spinal
cord but their axons project outside the CNS to involuntary muscles.
Automatic nervous system has two componenets - ✔️✔️These componenents contest
with each other: sympathatheic (fight or flight) and parasympathetic (rest and digest).
Sympathetic System - ✔️✔️speeds up hear and breathing rates is vasoconstrictor
amphetamine (Benzedrine) benzylpiperazine (BZP)
cathine (found in Catha edulis) cathinone (found in Catha edulis, khat) cocaine (found in
Erythroxylum coca, coca)
ephedrine (found in Ephedra) lisdexamfetamine (Vyvanse)
maprotiline (Ludiomil) MDMA (Ecstasy, Molly)
methamphetamine (Meth, Crank, Desoxyn) methcathinone
methylenedioxypyrovalerone (MDPV)
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