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PSY215 Exam 1 with correct answers
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PSY215 Exam 1 with correct answers
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PSY215 Exam 1 with correct answersEliza designs an experiment because she believes that watching violent movies makes people
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more aggressive. She tests aggressiveness after having participants watch 30 minutes of a
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violent action movie versus a nonviolent action movie. Her dependent variable in the violent
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condition asks, "Do you feel more violent and aggressive after watching this violent and
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aggressive movie?"What type of faulty thinking is this an example of? - ANSWER: ➡
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confirmatory hypothesis testing
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-Eliza has created a measure that will lead participants to confirm her hypothesis. This can be a
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serious problem in experimental psychology.
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Heather is looking for a new album to listen to and searches all throughout the music store,
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comparing several different albums. She finds one album that two of her friends have said they
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really liked. Heather thinks that because two of her friends liked it, she should like it; however,
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she does not account for the fact that she has many other friends who have not told her their
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opinions on the album.What type of faulty thinking is this an example of? - ANSWER: ➡
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Present/present bias
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-Heather chooses to value information that is present, but ignores the fact that other
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information may not be present but may still be important.
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Patrick thinks his favorite baseball team is the best in the league. He checks an online sports
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website and sees an article by a sports journalist claiming that his team's rival is the best team.
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Patrick ignores that article and instead reads a different article celebrating the achievements
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of his favorite team.
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What type of faulty thinking is this an example of? - ANSWER: ➡ Confirmatory hypothesis
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testing
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construct validity - ANSWER: ➡ How well the variables in a study are measured or
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manipulated.
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The extent to which the operational variables in a study are a good approximation of the
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conceptual variables.
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, external validity - ANSWER: ➡ The extent to which the results of a study generalize to some
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larger population (e.g., whether the results from this sample of children apply to all U.S.
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schoolchildren), as well as to other times or situations (e.g., whether the results based on this
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type of music apply to other types of music).
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statistical validity - ANSWER: ➡ The extent to which the data support the conclusions. Among
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many other questions, it is important to ask about the strength of an association and its
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statistical significance (the probability that the results could have been obtained by chance if
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there really is no relationship).
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internal validity - ANSWER: ➡ In a relationship between one variable (A) and another (B), the
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extent to which A, rather than some other variable (C), is responsible for changes in B.
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Covariance - ANSWER: ➡ A measure of linear association between two variables. Positive
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values indicate a positive relationship; negative values indicate a negative relationship.
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The study's results show that as A changes, B changes; e.g., high levels of A go with high levels of
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B, and low levels of A go with low levels of B.
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temporal precedence - ANSWER: ➡ The study's method ensures that A comes first in time,
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before B.
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internal validity - ANSWER: ➡ The study's method ensures that there are no plausible
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alternative explanations for the change in B; A is the only thing that changed.
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principle of beneficence - ANSWER: ➡ an ethical principle from the Belmont Report stating
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that researchers must take precautions to protect participants from harm and to promote
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their well-being
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principle of justice - ANSWER: ➡ an ethical principle from the Belmont Report calling for a fair
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balance between the kinds of people who participate in research and the kinds of people who
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benefit from it
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