NUR 124 Exam 1 Practice Questions and Correct Answers
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Course
NSG 124
Institution
NSG 124
What makes up 1/3 of the body's water content? extracellular fluid (ECF)--15 liters
Where is intracellular fluid (ICF)? Figure 13-1 inside cell membranes
What are fluids used to deliver? dissolved nutrients, electrolytes, cells for immunity, and histamine
Where does aldosterone come from and whe...
NUR 124 Exam 1 Practice Questions and
Correct Answers
What makes up 1/3 of the body's water content? ✅extracellular fluid (ECF)--15 liters
Where is intracellular fluid (ICF)? Figure 13-1 ✅inside cell membranes
What are fluids used to deliver? ✅dissolved nutrients, electrolytes, cells for immunity,
and histamine
Where does aldosterone come from and when is it secreted? ✅adrenal cortex; sodium
levels in ECF are too low or have dropped
Why is aldosterone secreted? ✅to prevent water and sodium loss
aldosterone actions ✅-triggers kidney nephrons to reabsorb sodium and water from
urine into bloodstream
-prevents excess kidney excretion of sodium and blood potassium from getting too high
What will the nurse see when aldosterone is imbalanced? ✅retention of water and
sodium, secretion of potassium
Where does anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) come from? ✅brain; stored and released
from posterior pituitary
When is anti-diuretic hormone secreted? ✅-osmoreceptors in hypothalamus sense
change in blood osmolarity
-increases in blood osmolarity, particularly sodium
anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) actions ✅It increases permeability of kidney tubules and
collecting ducts. The tubules reabsorb more water and return it to the blood, decreasing
blood osmolarity.
What will the nurse see when anti-diuretic hormone (ADH) is imbalanced? ✅-
concentrated urine initially
-blood volumes increases, which increases BP and decreases HR
-lower H/H (hematocrit and hemoglobin)
atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) ✅hormone that comes from cells lining the atria
brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) ✅hormone that comes from cells lining the ventricles
,Why are natriuretic peptides secreted? ✅to increase blood volume and BP
natriuretic peptide action ✅bind to receptors in the nephrons, producing an opposite
effect of aldosterone; increases kidney reabsorption of sodium and glomerular filtration
What will the nurse see when natriuretic peptides are imbalanced? ✅increased urine
output and decreased circulating blood volume and osmolarity
How long can an adult live without water? ✅10 days
required fluid intake for 18 yr old adult ✅30-50 mL/kg OR 2200-2700 mL in 24 hrs
How long can infants live without water? ✅3-4 days
What percentage of an infant's weight is water? ✅70-80%
A child requires __________ fluid intake in comparison to body weight. ✅3 times more
required fluid intake for 3-month-old ✅130-150 mL/kg OR 750-800 mL in 24 hours
How much of their total body water do infants exchange or secrete in a day? ✅half
Isotonic Dehydration In Pediatrics ✅-most common type
-equal amounts of sodium and water are lost
-caused by vomiting, diarrhea, and/or fever
-patients exhibit symptoms of shock
-serum sodium = 130-150 mEq/dL
Hypotonic Dehydration in Pediatrics ✅-sodium deficit exceeds H2O deficit
-serum sodium <130 mEq/dL
-caused by heat
Why does shock worsen in hypotonic dehydration? ✅Fluid moves into ICF to equalize
sodium.
Hypertonic Dehydration in Pediatrics ✅-H2O deficit greater than sodium loss OR
increased sodium intake without increased water intake
-sodium level > 150 mEq/dL
Pediatric Dehydration Symptoms ✅-cold, gray, or increased hardness of skin
-poor turgor
-absence of tears/saliva
-dry mucous membranes
, -sunken anterior fontanel in infants
-sunken eyes
-increased pulse/respirations, sodium, and BUN
-cap refill > 3 secs
-decreased urine output and increased specific gravity
-irritability
-seizures if sodium is markedly increased
Pediatric Dehydration Nursing Care ✅-fluid replacement (carbs should be incorporated
into the fluids)
-physical assessment
-strict I&O
-daily weight
filtration ✅movement of fluid through a cell or blood vessel membrane because of the
hydrostatic pressure on both sides of the membrane
diffusion ✅free movement of particles across a permeable membrane from higher to
lower concentrated areas
osmolarity ✅number of milliosmoles per milliliter
osmolality ✅number of milliosmoles in a kg of solution
normal osmolality of plasma and other body fluids ✅300 mOsm/L
osmolality range for hypertonic (hyperosmotic) fluids ✅> 300 mOsm/L
osmolality range for hypotonic (hypo-osmotic) fluids ✅< 270 mOsm/L
Volume Excess Assessment Findings ✅-increased weight, BP, and RR
-no change in temp or HR
-SpO2 may be decreased
-turgor intact; may be tight
Volume Deficit Assessment Findings ✅-decreased weight and UOP
-lower BP
-no change in RR
-increased HR
-no SpO2 changes until late
-loose turgor
-tired behavior
What is the most common invasive therapy administered to hospitalized patients? ✅IV
therapy
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