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Summary LAB NOTES: WEEK 8 OF PHYSICS3LC AT UCI
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Typed notes covering Physics Lab (3LC) week 8 lab theory and experiment. Contains notes corresponding to lab sections 8.3.2 - 8.3.4 and labeled diagrams.

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  • August 13, 2024
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  • 2019/2020
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Wk8: Alphas, Betas, and Gammas Abbreviations:
Wednesday, November 25, 2020 8:04 PM b/w = between
w/ = with
INC = increase
• These particles are emitted by an unstable nuclei when they undergo radioactive decay: DEC = decrease


○ Alpha (a): a He nucleus.

○ Beta (b): an electron.


○ Gamma (g): a high-energy photon.


• In lab we will distinguish them by their range(penetration depth), or how far they travel when


entering a solid.


• Alphas and gammas are emitted at single-energy levels; betas are emitted over a spectrum


(continuous distr) of energy.


○ Can interpret energy of the beta's range to be the average energy of the continuous distr.


• Alphas are easily stopped when emitted(easily absorbed), betas are intermediate, and gammas are


fairly penetrating. Neutrons, other product of radioactive decay, is even more penetrating than


gammas.


• ALPHA Positively-charged -> When it enters matter it loses energy to the atomic electrons in the


material.


○ a are heavier than electrons. -> a travel in nearly a straight line, while slowing down.


○ a slow down so quickly, they only penetrate a few centimeters of air.


• BETAS


○ b slow down due to collisions w/ other electrons. -> Do not travel in a straight line.

○ b penetrate a few meters of air.


• GAMMAS Uncharged and do not lose energy electrostatically.

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