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Exam (elaborations)

PCCN Exam 2024 || Already Graded A+.

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Diabetes Insipidus (Sip) correct answers antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the kidney is resistant to its effect Diabetes insipidus labs correct answers 1. hypernatremia 2. elevated BUN/Cr 3. increased serum osmo >295 4. decreased urine osmo < 200 5. decreased urine s...

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  • August 11, 2024
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  • 2024/2025
  • Exam (elaborations)
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  • PCCN
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PCCN Exam 2024 || Already Graded A+.
Diabetes Insipidus (Sip) correct answers antidiuretic hormone is not secreted adequately, or the
kidney is resistant to its effect

Diabetes insipidus labs correct answers 1. hypernatremia
2. elevated BUN/Cr
3. increased serum osmo >295
4. decreased urine osmo < 200
5. decreased urine specific gravity < 1.005
6. Decreased ADH
7. Polydipsia

diabetes insipidus treatment correct answers Desmopressin (vasopressin);
hydrochlorothiazide, hypotonic sol.

syndrome of inappropriate (increased) ADH (SIADH) correct answers excessive secretion of
antidiuretic hormone producing water retention in the body

SIADH Labs correct answers Urine chemistry: Think CONCENTRATED.
● Increased urine sodium
●Increased urine osmolarity
●Increased Urine Specific Gravity > 1.030
● As urine volume decreases, urine osmolarity increases. (decreased UOP)

Blood chemistry: Think DILUTE.
● Decreased serum sodium (dilutional hyponatremia)
● Decreased serum osmolarity (less than 270 mEq/L)
● As serum volume increases, serum osmolarity decreases.


- Increased ADH

SIADH Treatment correct answers Fluid restriction, IV hypertonic saline, Loop Diuretics, , na
correction.

Diabetes Ketoacidosis Pathophysiology correct answers - Too much glucose & too little insulin.
- Body compensates w/ osmotic diuresis
- Leads the the 3Ps (Polyuria, polydipsia, polyphagia) & glycourisa, dehydration & electrolyte
imbalance.
- Leads to fat burning metabolism - ketone release - kussmaul breathing

diabetes ketoacidosis s/s correct answers Neuro: Lethargic, confused, decreased DTR, n/v
Cardio: Tachycardia & Hypotension
Pulmonary: Fruity breath & kussmaul breathing
3Ps (Polyuria, polyphagia, polydipsia

, diabetes ketoacidosis labs correct answers PH (acidotic - Increased ketones)
Urine Glucose
Blood Glucose 300 - 800
Decrease HCO3
Decrease Na
Elevated K
Increased Anion Gap

Diabetes Ketoacidosis Treatment correct answers -Hospitalization
-Correction of fluid (isotonic sol/hypotonic) and electrolyte balances
-Administer insulin

Hyperosmolar correct answers a life threatening syndrome that can occur in the patient with
diabetes type 2 who is able to produce enough insulin to prevent DKA but not enough to prevent
severe hyperglycemia, osmotic diuresis, and extracellular fluid depletion.

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) Labs correct answers - highest sugar over 600 -
2000
- higher fluid loss and extreme dehydration
(Increased Na, Decreased K, Mg, Phos).
- Neuro: head change level of consciousness, confusion neurological manifestations
- no ketones , no acid, no fruity breath/ketones
- Increased Urine Glucose

Hyperosmolar Hyperglycemic Syndrome (HHS) Treatment correct answers - Isotonic/Hypotonic
Sol
- Replenish electrolytes

Cardiac Blood Flow correct answers 1. Superior/Inferior Vena Cava
2. Right Atrium
3. Tricuspid Valve
4. RIght Ventricle
5. Pulmonic Valve
6. Pulmonic Artery - > Lungs
7. Pulmonic Veins
8. Left Atrium
9. Mitral Valve
10. Left Ventricle
11. Aortic Valve
12. Aorta

Preload correct answers The myocardium stretch at the end of diastole.
High - fluid overloaded
Low - fluid deficit

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