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Y2 Anatomy (1 Questions & 100% Verified Correct Answers with complete solutions (Latest update
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Y2 Anatomy (1 Questions & 100% Verified Correct Answers with complete solutions (Latest update
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Y2 AnatomyTrue - ANS-True or False: The cardiovascular system is closed
Yes - ANS-Are the lymphatics considered a part of the cardiovascular system?
Arteries:
- High pressure system
- No valves
- Larger layer of smooth muscle that contract to move fluids
- Carry oxygen rich fluid (except pulmonary arteries)
Veins:
- Low pressure system
- Valves
- Minimal layer of smooth muscle that is mainly for structural integrity
- Carry oxygen poor fluid (except pulmonary veins) - ANS-What are the differences between an
artery and a vein?
Due to the low pressure system in veins, they are not able to carry all of the fluids and waste
back. The lymphatics become the "mop up crew" - ANS-Why are lymphatics needed?
- Abdominal Aorta
- Common Iliac
- External Iliac
- Femoral Artery - ANS-Trace the arterial pathway from the Abdominal Aorta to the Femoral
Artery
L4-L5 - ANS-At what level does the Abdominal Aorta bifurcate into the Common Iliac?
SIJ - ANS-Where does the Common Iliac bifurcate into the External Iliac?
Pelvic Brim/Inguinal Ligament - ANS-Where does the External Iliac bifurcate into the Femoral
Artery?
Right has a Brachiocephalic trunk, whereas the left does not - ANS-What is the difference of
arterial supply from right to left limb?
- Aortic Arch
- Brachiocephalic Trunk (Right only)
- Subclavian (under clavicle)
- Axillary (in the arm pit)
,- Brachial (into the arm)
- Radial/Ulnar (cubital region) - ANS-Trace the arterial pathway from the Aortic Arch to the
Radial and Ulnar Arteries
- Aortic Arch
- Brachiocephalic Trunk (Right only)
- Right/Left Common Carotid
- Internal/External Carotid - ANS-Trace the arterial pathway from the Aortic Arch to the Internal
and External Carotid
Neurocranium (inside the brain case) - ANS-What does the internal carotid artery supply?
Viscerocranium (outside the brain case) - ANS-What does the external carotid artery supply?
Subclavian Artery - ANS-What does the Vertebral Artery branch off?
Location: Internal Carotid
Significance: contains baroreceptors that regulate blood pressure before going into the head -
ANS-Where is the Carotid Sinus located and what is its significance?
- Great Saphenous/Femoral
- External Iliac
- Common Iliac
- IVC - ANS-Trace the venous pathway from Great Saphenous/Femoral Vein to the IVC
Femoral drains deep tissues in the leg, whereas the Great Saphenous drains superficial tissues
of the leg - ANS-What do the Femoral and Great Saphenous veins drain?
- Cephalic/Bascilic
- Axillary
- Subclavian
- Brachiocephalic - ANS-Trace the venous pathway from Cephalic/Bascilic vein to
Brachiocephalic Vein
There are none (although the left brachiocephalic vein is slightly longer than the right) -
ANS-What are the structural variations from right to left side in regards to venous drainage of
the arm
Subclavian Vein - ANS-What does the External Jugular Vein drain into?
Brachiocephalic vein - ANS-What does the Internal Jugular Vein drain into?
Brachiocephalic vein - ANS-What does the Vertebral Vein drain into?
,False. Venous drainage follows the shortest path
Ex. Neurocranium can drain into both the internal and external jugular, whereas in arterial
supply, it only receives blood from the internal carotid - ANS-True or False: In regards to the
neurocranium and the viscerocranium, the venous drainage follows the same path as the
arterial supply
DL junction - ANS-Where is the Cisterna Chyli located?
Take all the extra fluid that the venous system didn't pick up, concentrate it and push it up into
the thorax ("abdominal meat baster") - ANS-What is the role of the Cisterna Chyli?
Thoracic Duct - ANS-What does the Cisterna Chyli drain into?
Right upper arm and right side of head and thorax - ANS-What does the Right Lymphatic Duct
drain?
Entire body except right arm, right side of head and head and thorax - ANS-What does the
Thoracic Duct drain?
Right Lymphatic Duct: Right subclavian/brachiocephalic vein
Thoracic Duct: Left sublavian/brachiocephalic vein - ANS-Where do the Right Lymphatic Duct
and Thoracic Duct drain into?
Subclavian arteries and veins (as well as many other structures above/below) - ANS-What
neuromuscular structures does an STA directly affect?
Pressure changes between the thorax and abdomen affect:
- Lymphatics at T12 (aortic hiatus)
- Veins at T8 (caval hiatus) - ANS-Why does a diaphragm release encourage drainage?
Foramen Magnum - ANS-What foramen remarks the start of the brainstem?
True. Motor are anterior and Sensory are posterior - ANS-True or False: Nerve cell bodies that
exist in the spinal cord are both motor and sensory
Rootlet: Anterior = Motor, Posterior = Sensory
Root: Anterior = Motor, Posterior = Sensory
Spinal Nerve: Both
Rami: Both - ANS-Put these in the correct order and specify whether they are
motor/sensory/both:
Spinal Nerve, Root, Rami, Rootlet
, cell bodies that are a filter/buffer for sensory. They will either stop it from going up the brain, or
will allow it to pass - ANS-What are dorsal root ganglia?
Lateral grey horn from T1-L2, which then goes along the ventral rootlet before exiting the
intervertebral foramina - ANS-In regards to the brainstem, where do sympathetic nerves come
from?
Dorsal/posterior: Intrinsic muscles and muscles of the spine
Ventral/anterior: Appendages, abdomen, viscera, etc (everything in front of the spinal cord) -
ANS-What do the dorsal/posterior and ventral/anterior rami feed?
When ventral and dorsal roots come together. This happens when it leaves the intervertebral
foramina - ANS-When does a true spinal nerve occur?
Preganglionic: before hitting chain ganglia
Postganglionic: after hitting chain ganglia - ANS-What is the difference between preganglionic
and postganglionic?
- Lateral grey horn
- ventral rootlet
- spinal nerve/true nerve
- white rami communicante
- chain ganglia - ANS-What is the route of the preganglionic nerve fibre (Sympathetic)?
- out the ganglion and back to a spinal nerve via grey rami communicante before heading to
destination (at the same/different level)
- out the ganglion as a splanchnic nerve (great, lesser, least) before eventually reaching an
organ via the corresponding plexus - ANS-What are two possible routes of the postganglionic
nerve fibre (Sympathetic)?
White: carry presynaptic sympathetic fibres and occur between T1-L2
Gray: carry postsynaptic sympathetic fibres and occur at every level of the spinal cord -
ANS-What are the differences between white and gray rami communicantes?
L1-L4 - ANS-What are the roots of the lumbar plexus?
L2 - ANS-Which root is the main branch of the lumbar plexus?
- Iliohypogastric (L1)
- Ilioinguinal (L1)
- Genitofemoral (L2-L3)
- Lateral Cutaneous (L2-L3)
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