def of psychology - the science of behavior & mental processes
levels of analysis - the brain> how the brain remembers things
the individual> how a persons personality affects the way they see things
the group> social groups influence thoughts & behaviors
the community/culture> exposes you to different sets of knowledge that affects how you
see & interact w/ people
Structuralism - goal was to identify basic parts or structures of the conscious mind
Functionalism - focused on how our mental & behavioral processes function - how they
enable us to adapt, survive, & flourish
Gestalt Psychology - the whole is greater than the sum of its parts
Psychodynamic - human behavior, feelings, emotions, & how they might relate to early
experiences
Behaviorism - describe behavior in response to environmental stimuli
correlation research - describe & predict relationships
-good bc it can determine natural relationships
-bad bc can't determine what caused what
correlation research graphs -
independent variable - is intentionally changed
dependent variable - what changes bc of the IV
control variable - stays the same
confounds - anything other than the IV that affects the DV
expectancy effect - Results that occur when a researcher or observer subtly
communicates to participants the kind of behavior he or she expects to find, thereby
creating that expected reaction.
, random sampling - a sample that fairly represents a population because each member
has an equal chance of inclusion
convinence sampling - using data from people who have gotten help on a certain issue
sensory neurons - neurons that receive information from the external world & convey
this information to the brain via the spinal cord
motor neurons - neurons that carry outgoing information from the brain & spinal cord to
the muscles & glands
Interneurons - relay messages from one set of neurons to another
Agonist - amplifys
Antagonist - interrupts or blocks
sympathetic nervous system - fight or flight; increase heart rate, blood pressure, blood
flow
parasympathetic nervous system - rest & digest; lowers heart rate, breathing, blood
pressure; calms body to conserve & maintain energy
4 lobes of the brain - frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal
frontal lobe - location: front of brain
functions: planning, memory, speech, emotions
parietal lobe - location: top rear of brain
functions: attention, spatial location, touch sensations
occipital lobe - location: back of the head
function: visual processing
right lobe: processes left sensory info
left lobe: processes right sensory info
temporal lobe - location: in front of ears
functions: sound processing, entering new info into memory, language comprehension
Hippocampus - memory, spatial memory
Amygdala - fear, anger, emotion
Cerebellum - physical coordination
thalamus - sensory relay station
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