FSC100 MIDTERM
What is a police force? - Answer- A constituted body of persons empowered by the state to enforce the law, protect property and limit civil disorder
What does police mean - Answer- Describe the body enforcing the law and maintaining order
Why do police forces exist in the fi...
FSC100 MIDTERM
What is a police force? - Answer- A constituted body of persons empowered by the
state to enforce the law, protect property and limit civil disorder
What does police mean - Answer- Describe the body enforcing the law and
maintaining order
Why do police forces exist in the first place? - Answer- As a preventative role and for
safety
Metropolitan police - Answer- Often considered the template for the North American
police that followed the European trend
Sir Robert Peel - Answer- a member of parliament, and became the post of secretary
for the home department. after seeing the rising crime statistics, he brought out the
Metropolitan Police act.
Why did we have police forces? - Answer- The public didnt want to do it themselves
Where was the first police force in North America - Answer- Toronto in the 19th
century
How did Policing begin in North America - Answer- As a volunteer organization but
developed into a paid "policeman" position with formal training
First signs of Canadian legal tradition - Answer- When Quebec city in 1651 adopted
a watchman system modeled after France.
Detective - Answer- Specialists who sole job was to determine who committed the
crime and why. They established themselves within police agencies working less
individually and more cooperatively to close cases
Constables - Answer- Appointed to lead a handful of volunteers. Simply hired as
needed. Not until a year later that five were hired and paid.
North West Mounted Police - Answer- The forerunner of the RCMP. Created after
confederation to police the frontier territories of the Canadian west.
What are municipalities responsible for? - Answer- majority of the policing services.
OPP - Answer- One of the largest services in North America, provide rural policing
and support for all police agencies as required
Policing Standards Manual - Answer- contains guidelines to help police services
understand the PSA
, Police Services Act - Answer- regulations such as adequacy and effectiveness of
police services regulation
Atavism - Answer- criminals were born to commit crimes due to biological deviance
Positivism - Answer- crime was the product of social causes
Why is atavism and positivism contradictory now? - Answer- Because it seems that
the criminal mind is a blend of thw two
Cesare Lombroso - Answer- Atavist and psychiatrist, considered to be father of
modern criminology.
Recidvism - Answer- repeated criminal behaviour
Alexander Lacassagne - Answer- Positivist and professor of legal medicine. Referred
to as a father of forensic medicine.
Lombroso's theory - Answer- People are going to have certain physical
characteristics if they have deviant behavior. Demonstrated using skulls, tattoos,
arguing that criminals were born deviant
Criminal man (Lombroso) - Answer- determined identification could be made by
physical characteristics inherent in criminals
Lacassange's theory - Answer- used charts and maps of crime statistics in France
and biographies of criminals to link crime rates with geography. Societies have the
criminals they deserve
Why were Lombroso's and Lacassagne's methods important? - Answer- Formed the
basis for gathering empirical data on crimes and the people who committed them
Alphonse Betillion - Answer- Devised another means of identification, looking at the
physical attributes of individuals and taking those measurements and creating a
database so when they arrest, they can reference that. Also created mugshots
Why were mugshots seemed as a waste of time? - Answer- Criminals could easily
change their name
What was the problem with the Bertillonage method? - Answer- It was not an
accurate system. Measurements varied dramatically. It was inconsistent.
What put an end to the Bertillion system? - Answer- Fingerprinting, as the ease and
process of rolling fingers and thumbs produced a readily identifiable mark of a
person's uniqueness.
Edmond Locard - Answer- Father of modern day forensics. Interest was with trace
evidence or dust. Created Locard's Exchange Principle. He was Lacassagne's
assistant.
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