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Portage Microbio Exam 1 Graded A+
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Portage Microbio Exam 1 Graded A+
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Portage Microbio Exam 1 Graded A+Microorganism - ANS-Single cell (bacteria, archaeons, fungi, protozoa, algae)
Virus - ANS-Not living, not considered microorganisms, considered microbes
Microbes - ANS-Include microorganisms and viruses, can be advantageous or harmful
Cell - ANS-Smallest, most basic biological unit of life
All cells are compromised of - ANS-Macromolecules (building bloacks)
Four main types of macromolecules found ing cells - ANS-Proteins, nucleic acids, lipids,
and polysaccharides
Proteins - ANS-Comprised of amino acids, facilitate movement of materials, act as
enzymes to speed up biochemical processes, structural role
Amino Acid - ANS-Way proteins are formed by varying combinations, 20 different kinds
Each protein - ANS-has its own unique sequence of amino acids
Essential Amino Acids - ANS-human body cannot produce them, they must be taken in
from the environment through other sources (food you eat)
Nucleic Acid - ANS-chemical molecules that carry genetic information within the cell
Two types of nucleic acids - ANS-DNA and RNA
DNA - ANS-deoxyribonucleic acid, contains vast amount of hereditary info and is
responsible for the inheritable characteristics of living organisms, made from
nucleotides
RNA - ANS-ribonucleic acid, responsible for deciphering the hereditary information in
DNA and using it to synthesize proteins
Can DNA and RNA be found in the nucleus? - ANS-Yes
Can DNA and RNA leave the nucleus? - ANS-Only RNA. DNA is highly compact in the
nucleus
Three parts of a nucleotide - ANS-Nitrogenous base, sugar called deoxyribose, and a
phosphate group
, Four kinds of nitrogenous bases - ANS-Adenine or guanine (purine bases) and cytosine
or thymine (pyrimidine bases)
What forms the backbone of a DNA strand? - ANS-Sugar and phosphate
What base protrudes outward from the deoxyribose sugar? - ANS-Nitrogenous base
Strands from DNA produce a - ANS-double helix (two strands held together by
hydrogen bonding)
Adenine and Thymine - ANS-Complimentary bases, form two hydrogen bonds
Guanine and Cytosine - ANS-Complimentary bases, form three hydrogen bonds
RNA contains the _____ ribose rather than deoxyribose - ANS-Sugar
RNA is always ______ stranded - ANS-Single
RNA contains bases - ANS-adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil (no thymine); U pairs with
A, A can still pair with T
Lipids form the - ANS-foundation of the plasma membrane; this surrounds the cell as a
barrier that separates the inside of the cell from the outside surrounding environment
Lipids are composed of - ANS-Hydrophobic hydrocarbons
Plama membrane - ANS-restricts movement of materials either in or out of the cell,
keep what is needed, prevent escape of essential nutrients
Polysaccharides and Proteins - ANS-are often associated with the membrane and aid in
controlling movement of materials in and out of the cell
Lipid Bi-Layer - ANS-Two layers of lipids stacked on top of each other, with the
hydrophobic tail regions pointing inward
Carbohydrates - ANS-Made of Carbon, Hydrogen, and Oxygen atoms (CH2O)n (# of
carbon and oxygen is always equal with the number of hydrogen levels doubled;
C6H12O6)
3 groups of Carbohydrates - ANS-Monosaccharide, Disaccharide, Polysaccharide
Monosaccharide - ANS-One single sugar unit; glucose, fructose, and galactose are
examples; linear or ring structures
Disaccharide - ANS-Two monosaccharides joined together; sucrose, maltose, lactose;
broken into monosaccharides by hydrolysis reactions
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