A segment of DNA that encodes a single polypeptide - ✔️✔️cistron
A DNA segment or sequence that codes for a polypeptide, rRNA, or tRNA - ✔️✔️gene
A DNA or RNA strand that specifies the base sequence of a new complementary strand of DNA or RNA -
✔️✔️template strand
The region on DNA at the start of a gene that RNA polymerase binds to before beginning transcription -
✔️✔️promoter
A segment in the leader of bacterial mRNA and some archaeal mRNA that binds to a sequence on the
16S rRNA of the small ribosomal subunit. This helps orient the mRNA on the ribosome - ✔️✔️Shine-
Dalgarno sequence
The portion of a gene from the start codon to the stop codon. - ✔️✔️coding region
That portion of a gene downstream of the coding region. It is transcribed but not translated - ✔️✔️trailer
A sequence that marks the end of a gene and stops transcription - ✔️✔️terminator
The process in which RNA with a base sequence complementary to the template strand of DNA or RNA
is synthesized - ✔️✔️transcription
A small RNA that binds an amino acid and delivers it to the ribosome for incorporation into a
polypeptide chain during protein synthesis - ✔️✔️transfer RNA (tRNA)
The RNA present in ribosomes; contributes to ribosome structure and also directly involved in the
mechanism of protein synthesis - ✔️✔️ribosomal RNA (rRNA)
, Single-stranded RNA synthesized from a nucleic acid template (DNA in cellular organisms, RNA in some
viruses) during transcription; mRNA binds to ribosomes and directs the synthesis of protein -
✔️✔️messenger RNA (mRNA)
In bacteria, the sequence of bases in DNA that contains a promoter and one or more structural genes
and often an operator or activator-binding site that controls their expression - ✔️✔️operon
An mRNA that has more than one coding region; formed when an operon is transcribed -
✔️✔️polycistronic mRNA
An mRNA containing a single coding region - ✔️✔️monocistronic mRNA
An enzyme that catalyzes the synthesis of RNA - ✔️✔️RNA polymerase
The portion of bacterial RNA polymerase that synthesizes RNA. It consists of all subunits except sigma
factor - ✔️✔️RNA polymerase core enzyme
A protein that helps bacterial RNA polymerase core enzyme recognize the promoter at the start of a
gene. Thus it is a transcription factor - ✔️✔️sigma factor
A base sequence in bacterial promoters that is recognized by RNA polymerase and is the site of initial
polymerase binding - ✔️✔️Pribnow box
A commonly occurring sequence of nucleotides within a genetic element - ✔️✔️consensus sequence
A sequence of three nucleotides in mRNA that directs the incorporation of an amino acid during protein
synthesis or signals the stop of translation - ✔️✔️codon
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