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NURS 3900 Exam 4 by Kyla Navarro Test With Complete Solution
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NURS 3900 Exam 4 by Kyla Navarro TestWith Complete Solution
Common math conversions: - ANSWER -*1kg* = *1000g*
-*1g* = *1000mg*
-*1mg* = *1000mcg*
-*1mcg* = *0.001 mg*
-*1kg* = *2.2 lbs*
-*1cm* = *10 mm*
-*1 inch* = *2.5 cm*
-*1L* = *1000 mL*
-*30 mL* = *1 oz*
-*1 oz* = *2 tbsp*
-*1 tsp* = *5 mL*
-*1 tbsp* = *15 mL*
-*1 cup* = *8 oz*
-*8 oz* = *240 mL*
-*98.6F* = *37C*
How do you calculate daily maintenance fluid requirements? - ANSWER
,-Allow *100 mL/kg/day* for *first 10 kg* body weight.
-Allow *50 mL/kg/day* for *second 10 kg* body weight.
-Allow *20 mL/kg/day* for weight *21-70 kg*.
What are normal lab values for a urinalysis? - ANSWER -*pH*: 5-9.
-*SPECIFIC GRAVITY*: 1.001-1.030.
-*Protein*: <20 mg/dL.
-*Urobilinogen*: up to 1 mg/dL.
-*Appearance* clear, color light yellow to amber.
-*None of the following present*: glucose (Diabetes), ketones (DKA), RBCs,
Hgb, WBCs, casts, nitrites (bacteria).
-*PRODUCTION ABOUT 1-2 CC/KG/HOUR* (average 200-400cc).
What are Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)? - ANSWER -An *infection* of the
*urinary tract*, most commonly affecting the *bladder*.
-*Alteration* of *defense mechanisms* increases risk of UTI.
-*Female anatomy* is a *predisposing factor* (shorter urethra).
-*Organisms* usually *introduced* via ascending route from urethra (less
common—bloodstream, lymphatic system).
-*Other contributing factors*: urologic instrumentation (e.g., cystoscopy),
sexual intercourse (possible sexual abuse?).
, What causes Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)? - ANSWER *E. Coli* (most
common), *Streptococci*, *Staphylococcus saprophysticus*, occasionally
*fungal* and *parasitic* pathogens, common *nosocomial infection* (often E.
Coli and/or Seldom Pseudomonas).
What are s/s of Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs)? - ANSWER -*Infant*: *FEVER*,
irritability, vomiting, failure to thrive, or jaundice.
-*Children*: *FEVER*, vomiting, dysuria (painful urination), frequency,
hesitancy, urgency, and/or *PAIN*.
What is Cystitis? - ANSWER -*Inflammation/infection* of the lower urinary
tract, specifically the *bladder*.
-Most *common cause* is a *Urinary Tract Infection* (UTI).
-Peak incidence *ages 2-6*; incidence in *females > males* in all age groups
except neonates.
What are s/s of Cystitis? - ANSWER *Frequency*, *urgency*, *dysuria*
(painful urination), *odiferous urine* (strong-smelling), *cloudy* or
*blood-tinged* urine, reoccurrence of *enuresis* (bed-wetting) after
toilet-training completed.
What is Hypospadias? Cause? - ANSWER -*Urethral opening* of male is
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