Plasma is the fluid portion of blood; it is thin and colorless and contains various proteins, such as
albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, and other factors necessary for clotting, as well as electrolytes, waste
products, and nutrients.
Approximately 55% of blood volume is plasma, and 45% consists of various cellular components.
Blood;
The cellular component of blood consists of three primary cell types
- erythrocytes (red blood cells [RBCs]),
- leukocytes (white blood cells [WBCs]),and
- thrombocytes (platelets). - correct answer ✔✔RBCs generally live for 120 days,
WBCs live from days to years depending on the type, and
platelets live 7 to 10 days.
The primary site for hematopoiesis (formation and production of blood cells) is the bone marrow.
TABLE 19-1 Blood Cells;
WBC (Leukocyte): Fights infection
, Neutrophil: Essential in preventing or limiting bacterial infection via phagocytosis
Monocyte: Enters tissue as macrophage; highly phagocytic, especially against fungus
Eosinophil: Involved in allergic reactions (neutralizes histamine); digests foreign proteins
Basophil: Contains histamine; integral part of hypersensitivity reactions
Lymphocyte: Integral component of immune system
- T lymphocyte: Responsible for cell-mediated immunity; recognizes material as "foreign"
- B lymphocyte: Responsible for humoral immunity; many mature into plasma cells to form antibodies -
correct answer ✔✔Plasma cell: Secretes immunoglobulin (Ig, antibody); most mature form of B
lymphocyte
RBC (erythrocyte): Carries hemoglobin to provide oxygen to tissues; average lifespan is 120 days
Platelet (thrombocyte): Fragment of megakaryocyte; provides basis for coagulation to occur; maintains
hemostasis; average lifespan is 7 days
Blood;
Blood makes up approximately 7% to 10% of the normal body weight and amounts to 5 L to 6 L of
volume.
blood carries oxygen absorbed from the lungs and nutrients absorbed from the GI tract to the body cells
for cellular metabolism.Blood also carries proteins such as hormones, antibodies, and other substances
to their sites of action or use - correct answer ✔✔Excessive clotting is equally as dangerous as excessive
blood loss because it can obstruct blood flow to vital tissues.
To prevent this, the body has a fibrinolytic mechanism that eventually dissolves clots (thrombi) formed
within blood vessels.
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