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NCSU BIO 183 Exam 2 - Jacquet.
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NCSU BIO 183 Exam 2 - Jacquet3 Phases of Calvin Cycle - ANS-- carbon fixation
- reduction
- regeneration of RuBP
Absorption Spectrum - ANS-the range of a pigment's ability to absorb various
wavelengths of light
Activation Energy - ANS-Extra energy required to destabilize existing bonds and initiate
a chemical reaction
Active Site - ANS-- pockets or clefts for substrate binding
- applies stress to distort particular bond to lower activation energy
Aerobic Respiration - ANS-- oxygen is available as the final electron acceptor
- produces significant amount of ATP
Allosteric Enzymes - ANS-have both an active site for substrate binding and an
allosteric site for binding of an allosteric effector (activator, inhibitor)
Anabolism - ANS-- small molecules assemble into large ones
- energy is required
Anaerobic Respiration - ANS-- respiration that does not require oxygen
- many prokaryotes use sulfur, nitrate, carbon dioxide, or even inorganic metals
Antenna Complex - ANS-- hundreds of accessory pigment molecules
- gather photons and feed the captured light energy to the reaction center
ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) - ANS-- main energy source that cells use for most of
their work
- composed of ribose, adenine, 3 phosphates
Autotrophs - ANS-able to produce their own organic molecules through photosynthesis
C3 Plants - ANS-a plant that uses the Calvin cycle for the initial steps that incorporate
CO2 into organic material, forming a three-carbon compound as the first stable
intermediate
, C4 Plants - ANS-- a plant that prefaces the Calvin cycle with reactions that incorporate
CO2 into four-carbon compounds, the end product of which supplies CO2 for the Calvin
cycle
- uses PEP carboxylase in mesophyll cells
Calvin Cycle - ANS-reactions of photosynthesis in which energy from ATP and NADPH
is used to build high-energy compounds such as sugars
CAM Plants - ANS-a plant that uses crassulacean acid metabolism, an adaptation for
photosynthesis in arid conditions. In this process, carbon dioxide entering open stomata
during the night is converted to organic acids, which release CO2 for the Calvin cycle
during the day, when stomata are closed
Carotenoids - ANS-accessory pigments that broaden the spectrum of colors that can
drive photosynthesis
Catabolism - ANS-- large molecules break down into small ones
- energy is released
Catalysts - ANS-- substances that influence chemical bonds in a way that lowers
activation energy
- do not alter the proportion of reactant turned into product
Cell Wall - ANS-maintains cell shape
Central Vacuole - ANS-filled with cell sap that maintains pressure against cell wall
Centrosome - ANS-microtubule-organizing center
Charge Separation - ANS-energy is transferred to the reaction center; an excited
electron is transferred to an acceptor molecule
Chemiosmosis - ANS-- process by which a hydrogen pump pumps protons into the
thylakoid membrane
- H+ passively flows through the ATP synthase which leads to the creation of ATP
Chlorophyll A - ANS-- main pigment in plants and cyanobacteria
- only pigment that can act directly to convert light energy to chemical energy
- absorbs violet-blue and red light
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