I have comprehensive and detailed biology notes on enzymes available for sale. These notes cover all the essential aspects of enzymes, including their structure, function, and regulation. Additionally, the notes include in-depth explanations of enzyme kinetics, inhibition, and the various factors t...
• Are catalysts that speed up the rate of a chemical reaction without being changed or
used up in the reaction
• Are proteins
• Are biological catalysts (biological because they are made in living cells, catalysts
because they speed up the rate of chemical reactions without being changed)
• Enzymes are necessary to all living organisms as they maintain reaction speeds of
all metabolic reactions (all the reactions that keep an organism alive) at a rate that can
sustain life
• For example, if we did not produce digestive enzymes, it would take around 2 – 3 weeks to
digest one meal; with enzymes, it takes around 4 hours
• Enzymes are specific to one particular substrate (molecule(s) that get broken down or
joined together in the reaction) as the enzyme is a complementary shape to the substrate
• The product is made from the substrate(s) and is released
Enzyme specificity: lock and key model of enzyme activity
EXTENDED ONLY
Enzyme Specificity
• Enzymes are specific to one particular substrate(s) as the active site of the enzyme,
where the substrate attaches, is a complementary shape to the substrate
• This is because the enzyme is a protein and has a specific 3-D shape
• This is known as the lock and key hypothesis
• When the substrate moves into the enzyme’s active site they become known as the
enzyme-substrate complex
• After the reaction has occurred, the products leave the enzyme’s active site as they no
longer fit it and it is free to take up another substrate
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